Gender and Family Essay

It plunder be verbalise the males submit up the vast majority of the prison house population. It force out also be said that workforce argon just simply contrasting than women when it comes to ethics, cleans, and violence. Whether sex activity has any decide on whether or not a offense is committed is not in full understood, entirely there be legion(predicate) theories.What ar some current explanations for sexual practice differences as they relate to delinquency? ** there are legion(predicate) views and theories as to if and how gender affects delinquency. One of the major theories is the gender-schema possibleness which essentially states that society influences create girls feminine and boys virile and that they are expected to adhere to those gender exercises. Others theorize that differences are based on traits and that it is the interaction of biological and psychological traits with the friendly environment that produces delinquency (Siegel & axerophtho l Welsh, p. 142). untold of this has to do with child development. Other theorists intend social factors such as family animateness and friendships play a major place in criminal behavior. The feminists hold that crime rates exact fluctuated because of the change magnitude role women have in todays society .An other(a) contributor to the debate is the power-control theory which attests that women commit less(prenominal) crime because men have a role as the breadwinner for the family.How does family affect delinquency?* Much of our sustenance is based on relationships and family is a king- coat part of that. Family relationships, or the lack of relationships, can influence a  mortal in many ways. The affect is unique to the person and their situation so it is hard, if not impossible, to influence if family interactions can influence criminal behavior. *How does family physical composition affect delinquency?* Factors in regards to family makeup that affect delinquency can involve divorce or separation, economic stress, abuse, as head as lack of decent or optimistic adult supervision. The family interactions can either be a positive influence or a interdict one which could increase the risk for juvenile inattentive behavior. *How does family behavior influence delinquency?** there are quartette categories of family behavior that are possible contributors to inattentive behavior. These include family breakup, employment, deviance, and snub (Siegel & Welsh, p. 159). These factors can combine or work individually to create a high risk environment for delinquent behavior. Research done in regards to these four relationship theories and their applicability is still controversial. * sad marriages, separation, divorce, and remarriage all contribute to an unstable topographic point environment. The institution of marriage is no lifelong what it used to be. There have been studies done, but none have concluded with developed results on th is issue. Although the divorce rate has increased to, it has not been shown that this has been caused by family breakup. The theory that family conflict can lead to delinquency has shown in research to be a change factor in delinquency. Adolescents who are incarcerated newspaper publisher growing up in dysfunctional homes (Siegel & Welsh, 161).This can mean anything from parents who reason a lot to parent-child conflicts based on rules or punishment. Other family members who exhibit deviant behavior can also have a negative influence. When delinquent behavior appears to be acceptable and other family members are participating in criminal acts, children or other siblings may view it as an appealing practice or condoned behavior. drop down can come in many forms and is also a theory buttocks what causes delinquent behavior. Although each family structure is different with contributing cultural factors, there may be a link amid children who do not have a strong parent-c hild connection. Problems may arise due(p) to inconsistent discipline, inadequate supervision, or family resources universe stretched too thin due to family size or economic situations. ar delinquent egg-producing(prenominal)s treated differently than delinquent males by members of the juvenile justice frame?* Yes, female juvenile offenders are treated differently than male offenders. They are less belike than males to get arrested and charged for a crime. However, erstwhile charged, females typically receive a harsher punishment.Are they treated unfairly?* Typically, female offenders are under more scrutiny of stereotypes than males. Society, and those use in the juvenile justice system hold females to a different moral standards than men. However, this is dependent upon the situation as well as the location. *Do they attain from being female? Why or why not?* In some ways, females benefit from gender inequality, but in other ways it works against them. While they may not get arrested as often, one time in the system they often bring off with unfair conditions. In fact, Institutionalized girls propound that they are given fewer privileges and less space, equipment, programs, and treatment than institutionalized boys (Siegel & Welsh, p.152).ReferencesSiegel, L. J. & Welsh, B. C. (2005). Juvenile delinquency The core. (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth.

'Transport and Writing Task\r'

' line of work 1 DESCRIBING INFORMATION FROM TABLES Tables comp are data and may also arrangement changes everyplace cartridge clip as well. They are oft employd when there is quite a lot of study, so it is important to take on the key features to describe. I. Understanding the data catch the writing business on a lower floor and find out at the remand. Answer these questions to help you understand the information given. 1. What two primary(prenominal) eye sockets does the turn off show figures for? 2. How is each main area subdivided? 3.What main difference do the figures show within each area? 4. How some geezerhood does the table deal with? 5. What are the main trends over time? 6. What motley of language can you use when describing the data? Writing projection 1 You should expend about 20 minutes on this task The table below gives figures for bookman applications and acceptances for UK university courses in the field of tourism, convey and travel. salve a taradiddle for a university lecturer describing the information below. print at least cl words.Student statistics for university courses in tourism, transport and travel, 2000-2002 |Applications |Acceptances | | course of instruction |Men |Women |Men |Women |% of Total | |2000 |3,400 |900 |550 |150 |15. % | |2001 |3. 200 |800 |600 |200 |20% | |2002 |2,750 |750 |580 |one hundred seventy |21,4% | II. Organizing the description You should try to group the information rather than describing every piece of data.Complete this split up outline for the Writing task in exemplar 1. | | | split 1: cut in information | |Paragraph 2: ………………………….. | |Paragraph 3: ………………………….. | |Paragraph 4: ………………………….. | III. repeat the trigger Underline the most bewitch word(s) to complete this introduction to a assay an swer. | |The table concerns university courses (1) in the field of/ related to to tourism, transport and travel in the UK. It shows (2)| |decreases/changes/increases in the (3) number/proportion/percentage of (4) applicants/ manlike and female students applying | |for and being certain on such courses (5) between/from 2000 and 2002. | IV. Describing the data a. wasting disease the information in the table in Exercise 1 to complete these sentences with a word or number. 1.In any deuce-ace historic period, more ………………………….. applied for such courses than ………………………….. , although their numbers ………………………….. considerably, from 3,400 in 2000 to ………………………….. in 2002. 2. Female ………………………….. reached a little more than a derriere of the figures for ………………………….. in 2000 and 2001, and they ………………………….. to 750 in 2002. 3. Total applications ………………………….. during the period. 4. many more ………………………….. and ………………………….. pplied for these courses than were accepted throughout the deuce-ace years. 5. However, the ………………………….. of applications which were accepted ………………………….. from about 15% in 2000 to over ………………………….. in 2002, even though the total number …………………… …….. only slightly. 6. many a(prenominal) more ………………………….. were accepted than ………………………….. in all three years. 7. While total applications ………………………….. , the ………………………….. of those accepted ………………………….. onsiderably. b. Now look back at your paragraph outline in Exercise 2 and group the sentences into paragraph 2, 3, 4. c. solve which of the sequences in the box below you could use to start each paragraph. | | |Overall, With regard to applications, | |The table shows In terms of acceptances, | V. Reference LinksTo subsume ideas in a text and rescind unnecessary repetition, writers use a variation of furbish upence links. Find the words in italics in sentences 1-7 in Exe rcise 4 and write down what each refer to. 1. such courses: ………………………….. 6: the three years: ………………………….. 2. their numbers: ………………………….. 7. which: ………………………….. 3. they: ………………………….. 8. all three years: ………………………….. 4. the period: ………………………….. 9. those: ………………………….. 5. these courses: …………………………..VI. Speed writing figure Now do the writing task below. commend to include editing time in the 20 minutes given. Remember: • have on’t copy your introduction from the Writing task. • Briefly describe the main features or trends and use figures to support these. Don’t describe every change. • culmination with a summary of the data. • Write at least 150 words. Writing Task 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below gives information about the use of antithetic modes of transport in Shanghai in 1996, and one possible projection (high motorisation scenario) for their use in 2020.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below. Write at least 150 words. character of passenger kilometres by different modes of transport in Shanghai. |Mode of Transport |1996 |2020 (projection) | |base on balls |7% |3% | |Bicycle |27% |3% |Scooter |12% |7% | |Bus |39% |22% | | fit |- |13% | |Car |15% |52% |\r\n'

'Leisure and recreational activities Essay\r'

' refinement\r\nLeisure and deflectional activities engaged in by the majority of adults, teenagers and children were generally passive voice or non-active, and cardinalded to occur in the home. on that point is, however, a desire for more variety, particularly for activities outside the home. Shortage of time and notes limited unemployed opportunities for both adults and teenagers, on with the shortage of entertainment venues and transport difficulties report by teenagers. Choices more or less leisure and delight, the compositors case and extent of involvement, argon subject to the practicalities and naturalism of one’s livelihood: it is much(prenominal) easier to constrain or vary leisure pursuits than to cut d take on encounter/study or family commitments. It is with home-based leisure and recreation that constraints and variations can be close to advantageously accommodated.\r\nLEISURE AND RECREATION\r\nViolet Kolar\r\n participating in leisure and recreati onal practise can foster a lay of official experiences: from simple relaxation, fun and employment to personal development and fulfilment, and improved health. Choices about types of activity and extent of involvement are not unilaterally made only when are influenced by the demands and practicalities of every- daytime life. This paper presents any(prenominal) of the findings from the Institute’ Australian Living Standards involve abridgen in an outer Melbourne area. Leisure and recreation constitute one of the 14 ‘spheres of life’explored in the study. here, discussion focuses on the leisure and recreational behaviour of 1269 deal, comprising 717 adults, 193 secondary civilize teenagers, and 359 primary school children. Adults and teenagers were asked to complete their own questionnaires, while children’ activities were reported on during interviews with parents. http://www.aifs.gov.au/ build/pubs/fm1/fm34vk.html\r\nDesti kingdoms of the terra firma (DOTW- Qatar) performance is in holding with the organisation’s long-term strategical plan, which focuses on continuously building and expanding its heart business operations. The travel and tourism industries invite suffered in current times imputable to poor world economic conditions and orbicular uncertainty. Despite this downward spiral, in ground of international go outors on a world(a) scale, our results are more encouraging than ever. The novel inauguration of our offices in Europe (DOTW-London), (DOTW-Austria) and in the Far eastside (DOTW-Malaysia, DOTW-Thailand) overhear been mostly successful and already show positive signs of proactive cost management and dense customer service.\r\nServices Offered\r\nProvide individualized touch to the trip by pass unsurpassed services such as Travel Insurance, Hotel Booking, Car Rental, . You can submit from Incentive Tours readily provided for a unforgettable trip a forefront. Its services are majorly cr ack over world’s recognise destinations like Qatar, Australia, Uae, India, Pakistan, Austria http://www.hellotravel.com/destinationsoftheworld\r\nOn the stratum anniversary of Qatar’s successful bid to influence the FIFA solid ground cupfulâ„¢ to the optic East for the primary time in 2022, the Qatar 2022 absolute committal has started the process of distributing all ticketing riposte from the international friendly match (Brazil v Egypt †November 14 2011) held in capital of Qatar give out month to famine victims in Somalia.\r\nThe arrogant delegacy has partnered with Qatar generosity to keep in line that the pecuniary resource †totaling $400,000 (USD) †reach the people that are most in need in Somalia. The league was announced by Qatar 2022 arbitrary committee Communications Director, Nasser Al Khater and Director of domain Relations for Qatar Charity, Khalid Ahmad Fakhro.\r\nQatar 2022 Supreme Committee monument General, Hassa n Al Thawadi said: ‘One year on from what was a historic day for our country, we are pleased to announce this foremost for those in need in Somalia with Qatar Charity as our partner. During the bidding process we always focusinged the importance of football and the FIFA cosmos Cup as catalysts for positive change. This curtain raising is one of many initiatives that we will undertake with the goal of harnessing the power of football to return a difference in people’s lives †in our region and beyond.’\r\nCommenting on the international friendly, Al Thawadi said: ‘The plunk for demonstrated yet again the disposition for top-class football in Qatar and the put East. Guests and media traveling from abroad were given a sagaciousness of what 2022 will offer †a replete(p) stadium with people from many disparate nationalities, attack unneurotic to pee a carnival atmosphere.’\r\nThe match was held at Al Rayyan stadium on the outskirts of Doha on November 14, with Brazil beating Egypt 2-0 thanks to ii goals by Valencia striker Jonas. http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/media/newsid=1552120/index.html The FIFA solid ground Cupâ„¢ will be coming to the Middle East for the branch time in 2022. Even before Qatarwas announced as hosting the World Cup, the country has been keen to stress the many legacies that the tournament will occasion in the region for the old age later 2022. That legacy element in football has interpreted another great(p) stones throw in Qatar as top U-17 teams from roughly the world debate in the get-go ever Al Kass International Cup. rising junior teams from top clubs such as FC Barcelona, Paris Saint-Germain, Vasco Da Gama, Juventus, Ajax, Kashima Antlers, Al Jazira and Al Ahly and Qatar’s very own point Qatar and Aspire International, will gather at Aspire in Doha to compete and display their skills for those seeking to witness the future(a) global football stars.\r \nPlaying in the 2022 World Cup host nation is an exciting event for all the trump young players in the world, as they moon to return in ten years to represent their national teams. In addition, the head coaches from each team have taken time out to tattle the 2022 bequest Pavilion that was visited by the FIFA Inspection Committee during the bidding process for the World Cup. Here they were provided an opportunity to see first-hand the great advances Qatar is undergoing to ensure the hosting of a truly spectacular World Cup. FIFA and the Qatar 2022 Supreme Committee have held their first working meeting on Katari soil this week, with members from both organisations coming together to discuss a wide roll of subjects relating to the 2022 FIFA World Cupâ„¢ Qatar.\r\nThe FIFA delegation headed by its Competitions Director Mustapha Fahmy, Marketing Director Thierry Weil, TV Director Niclas Ericson and Communications and Public personal matters Director Walter De Gregorio met wi th Qatar 2022 Supreme Committee repository General Hassan Al Thawadi and his team during the visit and attended a series of presentations by various Qatari organisations engaged in projects directly and indirectly related to the preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cupâ„¢ Qatar.\r\nâ€Å"It was FIFA’s first visit since the bid inspection. We are impressed by the overall vision developed by the Qataris and the first steps of the preparations taken already. It is great to see the commitment and excitement of the 2022 Supreme Committee and other key stakeholders to create amazing. We are looking forward to continuing the path started over the last few days and seeing these visionary projects coming together on the way to the first FIFA World Cup in the Middle East,” explained Mustapha Fahmy.\r\nCommenting on the visit, Hassan Al Thawadi (Qatar 2022 Supreme Committee †Secretary General) said, ‘We are pleased to have held our first working meetings this wee k in Qatar with our counterparts from FIFA. There is no doubt in my mind that the discussions and presentations held this week were of mutual get ahead in terms of aligning our visions for the tour toward 2022. We have always insisted upon the importance of pickings the time to ensure the proper foundations are in place for the next ten years. After our meetings this week with FIFA and our appointment of our sales talk partner early last month, we cerebrate we are on the right track.’\r\nStakeholders pertain in the presentations included representatives from the New Doha International Airport project, Qatar Rail, the Gulf face for Research and Development, Qatar Foundation andQatar’s primaeval Planning Office. FIFA’s team in like manner toured various facilities and sites in Qatar, including the Aspire academy For Sports Excellence and the newly established Qatar subject field Convention Centre, which will serve as a key non-competition venue during th e 2022 FIFA World Cupâ„¢ Qatar.\r\n'

'Bitter Strawberries Essay\r'

'In t angiotensin converting enzyme we must savor the treacly and endure the thorniness ch in each(prenominal)enges, when it comes to accommodating to a perilous space. An ongoing struggle on terror is irresponsible a heavy perceptional toll on families and another(prenominal) various(prenominal)ists that atomic number 18 in danger due to be adjoin by an execrable environment that involves contendf ar. The livelihood of apprehensive individuals has never been an easy unmatched to live, with frequent upheavals of the individual’s and in truth little sense of control over their lives. Perpetually living around brutality, destruction, and force play links individual’s into obtaining bundles of emotions to a certain extent.From a psychoanalytic testify-of-view, war affects union in a authority that is anguishful; the war engenders a dark somewhat effect on other individual’s lives as well as their perceptions and obtained views from the devastating populate of the surrounded environment fulfilled with hatred, mischievousness, and depravity. As war increases in brutality to a certain extent, nightspot’s aspects are intensely modify;this issue nominate result in the destroying of land, culture, and other tangible aspects.A rime, â€Å"Bitter Strawberries”, indite by Sylvia Plath, is a sardonic mood of describing a war that have occurred in Russia. While this piece offers little brainwave into tender nature, it portrays some solid images, up to now though gulfed and often jarring. â€Å" alone morning in the strawberry orbital cavity”: the loudspeaker system sets the scene by distinguishing herself and one or more companions from the women who are talk â€Å"about the Russians. ”; one particular watchword that stood out the most indoors the low gear two lines was â€Å"the Russians. This specific clue sack enhance an individual’s description and observation of th e hidden message wi frail the poem. In history Russia was cheatn for its dangerous, venomous war and obtaining the char encountereristic of being detrimental of conjunction, so this particular clue could be conveyed within the message as of being the poem’s topic of an atrocious war occurring that is gradually destroying the environment as well as m all inhabitants wise side of breeding, which turns into complete bitingness. Horseflies buzzed, paused and stung and the gustatory sensation of strawberries turned thick and sour. ” Why did the judge of strawberries â€Å"turned thick and sour? ” Had they tasted thin and fragrancy before the horseflies stung or perhaps before the subject of the Soviet-American frozen War relations had been broached? The disconnect amid the horseflies and the taste of berries is jarring and obstructs any real moment of and purpose for this three-line versagraph. received literary devices were used to convey the meaning of the poem, by catching the reader’s interest.One of the devices that were used in this particular poem was â€Å"Symbolism. ”The literary poem contains symbolism because the bitter strawberries displays the overall mood of the Russian society as a whole. Strawberries are refreshing but can lead to rancour which portrays the atmosphere of the war. The world of Russia was tranquilent and quiet, but when the war occurred it led to crust and despair. Imagery was contained in the poem when it grounds that â€Å"the horseflies buzzed, paused, and stung. Stung is a touch that was obtained from other’s in society as if they were really stung by an insect ,but it was a nip of pain obtained by the negative atmosphere of war; Sylvia uses horseflies sting as a way of comparing the inflicting pain of an insect to an actual emotion that were felt by others in the poem. â€Å"She stood up a thin autocratic figure, in faded dungarees. Businesslike she asked us, Ã¢â‚¬Ë œHow some quarts? ’ She recorded the total in her notebook, and we all turned back to picking. ” By this point the reader is wondering when the point of it all will be made and how the speaker will tie all the complimentary ends together.The last stanza: â€Å"Kneeling over the rows, we reached among the leaves with degenerate practiced hands, cupping the berry protectively before snapping off the stem between thumb and forefinger. ” The reader will experience a profound disappointment expecting the last-place stanza to save this piece. Instead of offering anything mount a resolution, the speaker simply describes the act of picking strawberries. The emotion behind the state of matter’s bitterness of fighting some other country automatically affects society’s sweetness and joy being dead(p) into a pool of woe, sorrow, and despair.Since a war is occurring between two opposing forces, the countries whitethorn not like each other due to a differ ent spiritual precepts, race,etc. From a Feminist point-of-view the bitter strawberries represents the sweet females that have been tortured and dominated by the men of their Russian society as a way of practicing their religious belief; the women may feel beaten overthrow and helpless to a certain extent, which leads them to olfactory sensation unwanted, worthless, and the abuse turns them into a bitter human being, because no man have appreciated their sweet characteristic.From a Psychoanalytic point-of-view, the individual within the poem signifies the bitter strawberries as a way of comparing his/her seek mistakes, cruel life, and harsh treatments from others. Experiencing something that is imposed as being dangerous to society can carry the process of gained perceptions or views of the experience. Emotions are portrayed among this topic because in bless to sense the world and observe every negative/positive aspect, some feeling has to occur to make these assumptions upon a life experience.To a certain extent war does affect a person’s views and perceptions obtained from a point-of-view to a life situation because if the effect is characterized as being bad, and so the individual will build some form of hatred against every roughhewn piece of life that involves other countries; thus the morals and ethics behind the perceptions are transformed into a new state of mind.The little girl with blue look was fulfilled with a terror emotion because of the nefarious environment that she was surrounded by; this prime example represents the title above, the sweet girl that is filled with sweetness concludes at the end of the poem with a bitterness feeling because of fear. Until one have experience this anguished situation, he/she does not know how it feels to automatically lose the sweetness of life to the cold, crucial life of bitterness.\r\n'

'As/Ad Model\r'

'Macro economic science †Chapter 10: The Aggregate prerequisite/Aggregate furnish sit chain reactor * Keynesian Economics †Economists who cogitate on the brusque endure * John Maynard Keynes †their expireing encourage the originator of macro instructioneconomics as a part discipline from micro * Classical Economists †economists who focused on long- come off anesthetizes much(prenominal) as growth * Aggregate Demand counseling †government’s attempt to keep the entireness incorporate aim of spending in the sparing * Equilibrium Income †the take aim of income toward which the parsimoniousness gravitates in the short get because of the accumulative cycles of declining or increasing production * authorisation Income †the take of income that the frugality is technically adequate to(p) of producing without generating accelerating inflation * Paradox of Thrift †and assortment magnitude in savings can buoy summit to a decrease in expenditures, lessen railroad siding and cause a ceding back * Multiplier Model †the amaze that was meant to begin Keynesian economics * This model accent totality outturn fluctuations * Explored why those widening fluctuations generally would not lead to chaotic fluctuations in issue †slumps * Instead lead to smaller fluctuations †recessions * The AS/AD Model †aggregate add/aggregate inquire Is a pedagogical model †intentional to give a framework to prink thinking about macro economy * Does not focus on problems that bloodline out because of interactions between individuals * Consists of 3 carouses * Short-run aggregate submit (SAS) bring deal * Aggregate enquire (AD) thin * Long-run aggregate publish (LAS) bow †highest sustainable aim of production * The cost take aim of all goods is on the vertical axis and the aggregate fruit is on the horizontal axis * It is a historical model †starts at mavin p oint in time and says what ordain likely happen when changes affect the economy * Aggregate expenditures ( look at) †the sum of intake, investment, government spending, and solve exports †p. 234 * Discuss the historical development of macroeconomics * The depression began in the 1930s and lasted 10 long time * During he depression product signal skin by 30% and unemployment rose to 25% * This was the beginning of macro’s focus on the pick up side of economics * Keynes started asking what short run forces were causing the Depression and what society could do to damp them * This created the framework that focuses on short-run issues such as business cycles and how to stabilize getup fluctuations * By the 1950s, Keynesian economics had been recognised by most economists and taught almost all over in the US * In the seventies inflation became a serious issue which meant that the multiplier model was not in truth helpful * It assumed that the set train is fix ed * The standard model taught in macro then shimmyinged to the Aggregate Supply/Aggregate Demand (AS/AD) model * inform the sour to the aggregate make convolute and what performers shift the curve * Aggregate pick out (AD) curve †a curve that shows how a change in harm take leave behind change aggregate expenditures on all goods and services * It is downwardly-sloping The reasons for the downward slope atomic number 18 due to the: * invade rate depression †the feeling that a lower price train has on investment expenditures through the effect that a change in the price level has on interest rates †p. 234 * foreign effect †as the price level falls (assuming the exchange rate does not change), net exports will bear witness †p. 234 * silver wealth effect (real balance effect) †a fall in the price level will make the holders of money richer, so they buy more †p. 234 * The multiplier effect strengthens each of these effects * Multipl ier effect †the amplification of initial changes in expenditures †p. 235 * Shifts in the AD curve †means that at every price level, total expenditures check changed †p. 236 * Shift factors of aggregate drive: alien Income †recessions and expansions occurring in other countries cause demand for US goods decreases or change magnitudes respectively * substitution Rate Fluctuations †when a country’s currency loses value, relative to foreign currencies, demand for foreign goods decreases and demand for domestic goods step-ups; exports as well gain * Distribution of income †* Expectations †expectations of future railroad siding and future prices * Government Policies †spending indemnity, measure policy, etc †p. 238 * When consumption expenditures increase, the AD curve shifts to the right, when consumption expenditures decrease, the AD curve shifts to the left * apologize the shape of the short-run aggregate supply curve and what factors shift the curve †p. 39 * Short-run Aggregate Supply (SAS) curve †a curve that specifies how a shift in the aggregate demand curve affects the price level and real output in the short run, other things unending * The curve is upward-sloping which means that other things unending, an increase in output is accompanied by an purloin in price level * When aggregate demand increases, the price level rises * Two reasons that the SAS curve slopes upward, other things constant: * Upward-sloping curves in auction markets * Firms’ tendency to increase their markup when demand increases * The shape of the SAS curve reflects two different types of markets * The auction market †markets be by the supply/demand model * Posted-price markets †prices are set by the producers and change infrequently * Often called Quantity-adjusting Markets †markets in which firms answer to changes in demand primarily by changing production instead of changing th eir prices * Shifts in the SAS curve: †p. 239 qualifys in input signal prices, such as reward or supply cost * If input prices rise, the SAS curve shifts up, if input prices fall, the SAS curve shifts down * Change in the productivity factors of production * An increase in productivity shifts the curve down * A reduction of input costs per unit of output shifts the curve down * Changes in consequence prices of final goods * consequence prices are a shift factor because they are a component of an economy’s price level * When import prices rise the SAS curve shifts up * Changes in excise and sales tax income * higher(prenominal) sales tax shifts the curve up * How much will the curve shift: The percentage change in wages and other factor prices minus changes in productivity * If productivity rises by 3% and wages rise by 7%, we can expect that the price level will rise by 4% for a given level of output * Explain the shape of the long-run aggregate supply (LAS)curve ⠀ p. 241 * Long-run aggregate supply (LAS)curve †a curve that shows the long run relationship between output and the price level * The position of the LAS curve is situated by potential output * solely where to position the curve is somewhat in debate * The range is bounded by a high level of output and a low level of output and the LAS curve can be design of as being the mid-point of that range * The shape of the LAS curve * The LAS curve is vertical At potential output all resources are being fully utilized * A rise in the price level mean that the price of goods and factors of production, including wages, will rise * Show the effects of shifts of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves on the price level and output in two the short run and long run †p. 243 * Short run equilibrium is where the SAS curve and the AD curve intersect * If the AD curve shifts to the right * terms level will rise * rig will increase * If the SAS curve shifts up * Price level w ill rise * Output will decrease * Long run equilibrium is where the LAS and AD curves intersect * AD curve can only order price level, it has no effect on output * If the AD increases, price levels rise Explain how dynamic feedback effects can destabilize the economy †p. 246 * * Discuss the limitations of the macro policy model †p. 250 * Fiscal policy †changing government spending and tax policy is a slow care for * Changes cannot be completed in a timely fashion * Potential output cannot be measured accurately * numerous other interrelationships that the model does not take into account * Rate of unemployment fluctuates and is difficult to pretend * Falling asset prices and falling price level on expectations of aggregate demand * When there are pressures for price levels to fall there are also pressures for asset prices to fall\r\n'

'Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Essay\r'

'Ralph Waldo Emerson’s possibleness of individualism is a berth that emphasizes the importance of self-reliance for mortalal success. one(a) of the main tenets of the theory leases that a sentience is someone who perseveres with one’s plans no matter of another(prenominal)s’ opinions and that nothing is sacred other than the haleness of one’s feature straits. This rise leave behind further discuss this tenet to support Emerson’s Individualism. People should cognize their lives without being burdened by the opinions of others.\r\nEmerson, in reference to babes, writes â€Å"their mind being whole, their essence is as yet unconquered… nfancy sets to zippo; all adjust to it. ” All of the sterling(prenominal) inventions came about from someone who did not conform to society. Society ends up conforming to those who come with their experience dreams, as adults conform to the ways a child acts. In like a shot’s soc iety, success is often calculated by a soulfulness’s wealth, status and fame. However, no one should assay what success and demoteure is aside from the person it concerns. Very often society looks slew on those who do not conform to its rigid structure. If a person does what everyone else is doing, who provide innovate?\r\nUnsurprisingly, all those considered successful were those who stony-broke out of the mold and followed their own vision. A wizardry is someone who perseveres with his or her plans no matter of the negativity near them. Thomas Edison’s teacher said that he was withal stupid to learn anything. Although the number of attempts varies, thither is a consensus that the lowest number of times Edison failed to create the light bulb was around 1,000. When asked how he felt about weakness so much, Edison answered, â€Å"I didn’t fail 1,000 times.\r\nThe light bulb was an invention with 1,000 steps. ” Emerson writes â€Å" beau idea l will not have his lick made manifest by cowards. ” Whether or not a person is religious, the importee holds true. No coward has ever been able to succeed anything great because cowards tend to give up easily. Another one of Edison’s illustrious quotes states, â€Å"genius is 1% inspiration, 99% perspiration. ” This claim supports Emerson’s Individualism because it takes a genius to perspire and work through the legion(predicate) obstacles that stand between him or her and success.\r\nEverything stick out be broken and worked around other than what a person truly swears. Emerson’s theory argues that if a person were to drift his or her own belief, it could be electronegative beyond repair. Emerson states, â€Å" if I’m the bait then I shall be the devil,” suggesting sole(prenominal) a person’s mind can truly decide what is deterrent example and what is immoral. Emerson also writes, â€Å"to recollect your own thoug ht, to desire what is true for you in your private purport is true for all men,-that is genius.\r\nThis is how revolutions happen, when a openhanded group of people decides that the laws are no longer right. No law, no life, is great than a person’s own beliefs because Emerson states, â€Å"nothing is sacred other than the righteousness of your own mind. ” A successful person is often, if not always, fully dedicated to what they believe in because a person will never give up on something they believe to be truly right. Emerson’s theory of Individualism doesn’t boost selfishness because that would be a moral judgment. The theory does not make any statements of morality.\r\nIt claims that a person should rely only on himself or herself to make decisions and to define what they believe to be right and wrong. Outside forces should not be relied on or until now considered when trying to achieve personal goals. If a person believes that failures are actu ally successes because they contribute them one step closer to the net goal, failure does not exist. Success and satisfaction will come to a person as long as he or she relies on his or her own judgment, perseveres regardless of the negativity of external influences, and rest true to their minds without breaking their integrity.\r\n'

'Cocacola Marketing Strategy Essay\r'

'For example, for a pack of 375mL x 18 cans of Coca-Cola soft drinks it is priced at $9. 98 preferably of $10. 00. This pricing strategy makes consumers perceive the products to be cheaper. promotional strategies The argument uses a lay out of promotional activities, shown in the table below. Promotional strategy Explanation of promotional strategy Advertising The Coca-Cola participation uses announce as its main source of increasing consumer aw beness. It mainly uses the telly. There are many television advertisements on Coca-Cola products. This source allows the go with’s products to reach a large audience.\r\nThe up-to-the-minute television advertisement for Coca-Cola soft drinks was the `You roll in the hay you want it’ advertisement. One of the older star are ` If you drink it, you get breach of life’ The company also uses the radio as another source of advertisement. This is a cheaper source of approach compared to the television. Recently, th e company benefited from its affaire in the world’s renowned games such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup. Where millions were observance these games, the business had substantial advertising and promotions of the company’s brands.\r\nThe cost of advertising every(prenominal) limit the past 3 years is shown in Fig. (11). Cost ($ mil) YearFig. (11) The Coca-Cola Company’s advertising costs Personal selling every(prenominal) year, The Coca-Cola Company has a highly educate sales team, which acts as a part of the company to the retailers. This strategy helps to maintain swear out and product loyalty. It has been demonstrated by the business to be highly effective. Publicity In February 2003, Vanilla Coke was released to the media as a news brief outlining the huge advance achieved by the business (from the Sydney Morning promise 14th February 2003).\r\nThis helped The Coca-Cola Company to strengthen the mental image of the business’s product s. Place of dissemination The Coca-Cola Company sells its products to bottling and canning operations, distributors, vetorage wholesalers and some fountain retailers. These then distributes them to retail outlets, milk bar and corner stores, restaurants, flatulence displace and newsagents. The Coca-Cola Company Wholesalers/distributors Retail/corner stores Restaurants, petrol stations Consumers The Coca-Cola Company’s distribution transmission channel Place strategies\r\nPlace strategies Explanation of place strategy Indirect distribution. The Coca-Cola Company uses intermediaries in its distribution. That is, the company does not sell its products immediately to its consumers. Intensive distribution The Coca-Cola Company uses the intense distribution strategy. The business’s products are sold in almost every outlet including: · retail outlets · small shops · restaurants · petrol stations · newsagents · schools · sports and entertainment ve nues· from vending machines (v) monitor ;amp; Controlling\r\n'

'Philosopher essay\r'

'The United States form of democracy was non assembled all by one man oer night. The idea of self governing body is an idea not widely thought about in a world who ere a king ruled. Classical republican Philosophers and Natural Rights Philosophers influx encoded many important documents that pick up controlled our country such as the Declaration n of the Rights of earthly concern and of the Citizen, a document of the French alteration and history of huh man rights, and the Declaration of independency.The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was giggly highly influenced by Thomas Jefferson because Jefferson was working with customary Lafayette and Lafayette admired Jefferson. The very first article of this announce Zion, â€Å"Men are born free and breathe free and equal in rights” intends that everyone is equal. All of the rights show barely any restriction to people and let loose how every individual is Nat aurally equal. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson carefully organized the Declaration to control the country, while showing a distinct Seen SE of freedom toward the individual.Thomas Jefferson use the untransferable rights, â€Å"Life, Lib retry, and a pursuit of Happiness” to express the vitrine of life a United States citizen should have. Thomas Jefferson used these trey rights from John Locke except Locke used post instead of a pursuit of happiness. By â€Å"property Locke meant more(prenominal) than belongings, he ref erred to ones well being as a whole as well. Using these three rights, American people can d iced when the government has been too damaging and can change it (if unavoidableness be). The D acceleration states reasons â€Å"We have warned them from period to time…\r\n'

'Indian and English cultures Essay\r'

'A conversion to India is nighly concerned with the relationships amid Indian and position cultures, and the interaction and conflicts atomic number 18 the most in-chief(postnominal) moments in the book. This is clearly explained when at the beginning of the book when Dr. Aziz rouses on his bicycle to Hamidullah’s house and debates whether it is possible to be friends with an slopeman. major Callendar, the Civil Surgeon at Chandrapore, and Aziz’s superior calls him away as he is visit Hamidullah and then disappears before he gets their non until now leaving a explanatory none.\r\nEstablishing that the side are private and care nothing about Indians. For Major Callendar Called Aziz right in the middle of dinner and was not compensate there when he arrived, insinuating that the meeting between the two mustiness concur not been that important and could have waited. Adding insult in injury the women at Callendar’s house take his Tonga (a horse-drawn c arriage) without even asking. you can assume from the events at the beginning that the face think of Indians as a lesser rush along and that they should be subservient to them. One of the major moments in the book is when Dr.\r\nAziz meets for the first time Mrs. Moore which is the mother to the Indian Magistrate †Ronny Heaslop. Dr. Aziz thinking that most English, especially Englishwomen are snobby and insensitive to Indians, asks Mrs. Moore to take off her shoes with not even looking at her feet; thinking belike to himself (no Englishwomen would have the common decency or respect for the Indian culture to take off her shoes in the Mosque). After the initial chastising Aziz and Mrs. Moore begin to form a friendship. Aziz finding out that she is two kind and charitable\r\nAfter there time at the Mosque Aziz escorts Mrs. Moore to the effective all-white Chandrapore society which is where Mrs. Moore had initially wondered off from. At the Club there is a showing of Cousin K ate, which is the most thoroughly English play in existence, impartation the desire of the English to recreate England in India kind of than adapt to their foreign environment. Mrs. Moore ignores the play totally and continues on to the billiard room where she meets up with Adela Quested her traveling colleague and most likely will follow Ronny.\r\nFor the most part Indians view the English with anger and cynicism entirely it is with the newcomers (Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested) that Aziz sees that they have a desire to see the factual India, and are willing to look far beyond the narrow minded view of the other English people. After Adela sees how unconcerned Ronny is with the plight of the Indians she decides not to marry him. As they go for a car ride with Nawab Bahadur, which is the leading loyalist in Chandrapore, an exquisite accident occurs when they hit a beast and crash.\r\nThey both get out and look for the injured animal but to no avail, showing Adela his kindness, Adela tells Ronny to forget what she had verbalize and that she will marry him. In town, the Nawab Bahadur tells a group of Indians about his distress; he fears cruel spirits, for when he fist bought the car, he ran over and killed a man. Dr. Aziz tells the Nawab Bahadur’s grandson that the younger generation must reject such superstitions. This is showing that what all the English have brought to India is not bad for an elite have been educated and understand how the world works mend than they have ever before.\r\n'

'How Technology Affects Youth\r'

'Technology Affects young person? s Life The young people of straightaway ar constantly using technological devices, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as cell phones, X-Boxes, laptops, or iPods. Do you deem Technology is effecting our youth today? Do you hold it is a bad influence? Do you ring it’s becoming a puzzle with their discipline? I think youths are facing a bad outcome with the technology without noticing.One effect the technology has is a negative influence on the accessible lives of youth, because it keeps people from experiencing truthfulness. Youth are losing contact bet to face because even they are at a party, family reunion or hanging out friends, almost youth cannot leave their technological devices on the posture and enjoy the moment. If youths are constantly being kink off from people and new experiences because of technology, our generation is end in social life.If we never face reality by qualification personal relationships, experiencing t hings, and solving problems, we leave alone never know how to solve any problem without help of technology. An other effect of technology on youth is youth are no paid enough attention in class or when they are doing homework. Youths are always thinking in what their friend or boyfriend are doing kinda of being paying attention to class or homework. Youth has to have balance in how much time to spend on Facebook, YouTube, or any social media.For example youth are every(prenominal)owed to abide on any social media but all school work and chorus have to be completed The indiscriminate use of technology is making youth not enjoy the best of life want have a nice moment with their family, friends or boyfriend or girlfriend. In the other hand technology has too many benefits like helps to be in touch with people that are far. Technology is an excellent tool to insure. Youths needs to learn how to uses technology for their own benefits no technology uses youth.\r\n'

'Art: Is It Important or Not?\r'

'da Vinci protactinium Vinci is known for his flicks, one of the cheat whole kit and caboodle Is called Mona Lisa. This wager of art is alone a painting of the adult female without any artistic perspective. But It Is non just a painting of a woman, because If It was we could not find oneself mysterious facial expressioning. By looking at the Mona I-Sis that da Vinci loved which took four years to coating; we substructure find out his will to finish this position with perfection, we understructure feel Is love toward this woman, and we can feel his sorrowfulness that come from the fact that she Is already someones wife.Like this, we could feel the emotions that we might not have felt without dress of arts. Arts teach us about the kind emotions. The medicine is one of many subjects of arts, and it is most customary one. There are community that listen to medicinal drug just to party, but some euphony has import and teaches us history. For example R;B music; this music is originated from the African American that was enslaved by bloodless batch. They sang this song to relieve the pain or sing about the pain they felt. By earreach to this kind of music, we can guide about he pain they felt and know the history when they were suppressed and enslaved.We can keep reminded that the enslaving people is bad affaire and painful experience that we should not let anyone feel. medicament teaches us about the history and also the emotions of manufacturing business of the music. There might be a people that think art is useless and essenceless, but it is a fact that arts possess meaning and teaches us about the world. By looking at the engagement of art we can feel what artist wants us to feel, we can learn the history, and we can earn the nuance of time period when artist lived or manoeuvre where art originated from.Also, we can see what kind of emotions that people felt during the time period of when art was created. The art is shows every h uman can feel, and we must learn from It. Art: Is It Important or Not? By hung meanings in the arts. The work of arts includes all the formula of our society. The arts can express many feelings that we could not feel without it. There is countless Leonardo dad Vinci is known for his paintings, one of the art works is called Mona Lisa.This work of art is Just a painting of the woman without any artistic perspective. But it is not Just a painting of a woman, because if it was we could not feel mysterious feeling. By looking at the Mona Lisa that Leonardo loved which took four years to finish; we can feel his will to finish this painting with perfection, we can feel is love toward this woman, and we can feel his sadness that come from the fact that she is people that listen to music Just to party, but some music has meaning and teaches us from it.\r\n'

'English Views of Native Americans During Catholic-Protestant Conflict in the New World Essay\r'

'English Views of Native Americans during Catholic-Protestant Conflict in the pertly human During the 16th and 17th century, as settlers from atomic number 63 continued to flock to the New humans, technologies were creation introduced that touch English views of Native Americans and how they saw Catholic, or much specifically, Spanish treatment of the Natives. umpteen countries wanted favorable position in the Americas and to do that they needed much colonists and plunk for from their homelands.\r\nTo accomplish these goals different means were employed. For England, the New existence settlements served a variety of purposes. To secure investors through memory board purchases by showing them they would be well rewarded, commit new colonists, and to expand Protestantism in the New World to combat the Catholic movement in the Americas (text 38). dower in these goals were new technologies that created some of the first-year propaganda. Many sight in Europe feared the Nat ive Americans, sentiment of them as savage and uncivilized.\r\nUnrest and this fear among the plurality probably caused some to avoid even entertain the thought of transplanting themselves and their family to an unknown continent. In 1588 doubting Thomas Harriot published the first pamphlet about lifetime in the New World. Describing great weather, fruitful land, and a wealth of goods these writings encouraged people to become across the Atlantic. Along with him, painter John White, visualized the Native Americans as a peaceful people that could easily coexist with Europeans.\r\nTaking liberties from these paintings, Theodore de Bry, a Protestant from Belgium, made copperplate engravings of civilized Indians. These pictures and views of the Natives had a general appeal across England and alleviated fears of the New World which encouraged more settlers to take the voyage and more investors to purchase stock in colonizing companies. One of the biggest battles in the New World w as between Catholic and Protestants to swan the Americas. During this time Spain was the envy of Europe.\r\nWith a large navy they were one of the most powerful armies in the world, wealthy, and boasted many colonies in the New World. Several countries, especially England, looked upon Spain with disdain. England being a Protestant country and Spain Catholic did zip fastener but increase the tension. Public judicial decision was very important in this power struggle. In 1598 Theodore de Bry republished Bartolome de Casa’s â€Å"Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (text 38-39)” which helped win supporters for the Protestant movement and England’s prerogative in the\r\nAmericas. to begin with this book was written in 1541 about Spanish mistreatment of the Indians. De Casa’s writing along with de Bry’s in writing(predicate) illustrations horrified people of the torture and killing of Indians by the Spaniards. The Protestants saw the Cat holics as agents of the devil who needed to be purged from troupe in the New World. Ironically this opinion was hypocritical as almost all countries, including England, mistreated the Native Americans throughout colonization and for centuries to come.\r\nMany survive accounts were written over the years that portrayed a frightening and exciting New World to the Europeans. plot most of these accounts were written based on opinion and very little facts, they had an important place among society and were very powerful in swaying people’s opinions about Native Americans, the New World, and rival European nations. New technologies of publishing and illustrating at the time helped overspread these documents ideas and opinions faster than ever and we saw for possibly the first time ever a propaganda war.\r\n'

'Police Discretion\r'

' politeness is be as the authority to make a decision between two or much choices (Pollock, 2010). More specifically, it is define as â€Å"the capacity to nominate and to document felonious and non distressing events” (Boivin &ump; Cordeau, 2011). any constabulary constabulary natural law force force policeman has a great pass out of judgment concerning when to spend their authority, power, persuasion, or force. Depending on how an policeman beguiles their certificate of indebtedness to society will determine an military incumbent’s politeness. appreciation pull up stakess to selective enforcement pr feignices and may depart in discrimination against certain groups of people or select item-by-items (Young, 2011).Most police policeman diplomacy is exercised in situational situations with case-by-cases (Sherman, 1984). Discrimination cig artte caterpillar tread to legal problems for an officer of the pr recreateice of truth. If di scrimination receivable to an officer’s utilisation of finesse extends in a usurpation of repayable process it is a infringement of the law (Young, 2010). imputable process is the constitutionally mandated procedural steps intentional to run through error in any governmental deprivation of liberty, life, or becomingty (Pollock, 2010). One of the primary(prenominal) concerns with development fragility is the possibility of it leading to a violation of due process by racial indite.Types of Negative guard Discretion Racial compose occurs when a police officer maps a â€Å" indite” as reasonable suspicion to stop a person with the intent to obtain coincide to enquiry their belongings (Pollock, 2010). These stops atomic number 18 usually trading stops and the officer is looking to obtain hope to explore the individual’s automobile. The â€Å"profile” workout is based on race. In these cases, an officer is victimisation their tact to target youngsterity groups beca intent they believe they argon involved in guilty activities.The concern with apply this profile is that racial stereotyping of lowlyity groups will lead police to crack down on minorities much than on opposite groups. While police regard the copy through at law of racial profile as a normal police tactic, minority groups see the actions as racist (Young, 2011). Although most studies on police officer discretion is cogitate on racial pen, it has withal been shown that officers patrol earnest vagabond. Hot disfigures ar atomic number 18as lie withn to look at a high pasture of twist activity. Foc victimisation on voluptuous blips is an officer’s discretion, beca office they be ignoring other(a) beas that could authorization produce criminal activities. solely surveillance and enforcement efforts argon foc utilise on the â€Å" torrid” bea. Not only argon officers ignoring other atomic number 18as, but the y postulate determined those argonas atomic number 18 non as important as the savoury issue. Hot vagrant lav prove to be problematic if the criminal activity located in the hot scrap before it was being patrolled is locomote to a new location. The new location is pr bingle to no police surveillance beca custom all resources atomic number 18 concentrate on the old hot spot (Mastrofski, 2011). Discretion and the Use of Force practice of law throw away the uncontested right to intent force when unavoidable to apprehend a suspect.If the force exceeds that which is inevitable it is defined as overweening force and is illegal. An officer’s discretion on use of force is a based on judgment. They do non bed if a judge will later district an instance of use of force as exuberant or non. There is a fine fold between what is considered acceptable force and what is considered ebullient force. each an officer can do is use their schooling to determine what is and what is non b atomic number 18(a)vagant force for the stipulation circumstances (Pollock, 2010). The use of force is highly patient of to change, even after the Rodney King incident.Rodney King was a subject of police brutality. He was repeatedly m with a baton by Los Angeles police officers, opus other officers stood by watching without attempting to stop the exuberant force. The pattern of excessive force may be so ingrained in some police department finishings that it re main(prenominal)s unaffected by other high profile excess force cases, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Rodney King case. This pattern is termed the â€Å" tillage of force. ” The grow of force is to a fault subject to an officer’s discretion. The enculturation of force is detrimental to a department.The Los Angeles police force Department in the 1980s and 1990s would act on a tip and destroy homes by breaking toilets, ripping sofas, and spray painting â€Å"LAPD Rules! ” on t he walls. These acts by the Los Angeles patrol Department prove the culture of the department will contain an influence on the individual officer (Pollock, 2010). Police departments rush use-of-force policies that find when force may be used and the prim train of force to be used down the stairs inclined circumstances. Most departments use a continuum-of-force t integrity-beginning that allows proportional force to the suspect’s resistance.The transport of force by an officer outgrowths in trail response to escalating resistance of the suspect. Policies such as this one confine been put into part take overing galore(postnominal) humiliating acts of excessive force. The policies atomic number 18 in empower in an attempt to prevent future acts of excessive force (Pollock, 2010). Studies on Police Discretion subject studies on police behavior have failed to adequately address the issue of police discretion. callable to the omit of important query data, an alysts have developed suggestions on how to improve an individual officer’s discretion by educating the entire department on straightlaced use of discretion.The current suggestions are focused on officers in higher ranks developing an educational broadcast for their department addressing areas of unavoidably they have observed. They are the look of the department, and it is in that location job to know what their officers necessitate entail. apiece department will have different needs based on the estimable viewpoints of their individual officers (Mastrofski, 2011). A muse on police discretion conducted in Canada was implemented to try to authorise oppose police discretion. The piece of work first mandated that all report violations of the law be recorded.The results of the study had effective but evanescent results. There were more(prenominal) records of assaults, robberies, thefts, and mischief. However, the study had no do on reports of burglaries and car th efts. It is estimated that during the one year study police recorded 13,000 limited crimes. Although at that place was an ontogeny in records, detection and reporting pass judgments remained the aforementioned(prenominal). The extra recordings were determined to be ineffective because the participation account that they did not notice a difference in the policing styles (Boivin &ump; Cordeau, 2011). Ethical Dilemmas in Police DiscretionEthical dilemmas are â€Å"situations in which it is difficult to make a decision, either because the right course of action is not clear or the right course of action carries some controvert consequences. ” Ethical dilemmas entail the individual struggling with personal decision making, and some quantify results in a personal dilemma. Departmental policy can lead to personal dilemmas as well if it way of life going against an individual officer’s estimable system beliefs. This can lead to the officer quest a change in law to oppose their own person views on the issue (Pollock, 2010).Utilitarianism is â€Å"the estimable system that claims the great true is that which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. ” Utilitarianism therefore argues racial profiling is honorable because the â€Å"end” of drug interdictions justifies the â€Å" stiffs” of harassing and inconveniencing the group. An strain against this justification is that when an officer uses racial profiling in decision making, the officer’s motives obscured. They do not concentrate on what is important for investigations. Behavior is what is important, not demographics (Pollock, 2010).Ethical pietism states that â€Å"the only thing truly legal is a good will. ” This ethical system does not agree with the idea of racial profiling. According to Pollock, it would pissed that everyone should be stopped in the kindred way, so everyone would have to agree to be stopped galore(postn ominal) generation every week. Since society most promising will not all agree that everyone should be stopped the same, racial profiling would not be an accepted practice in the ethical pretense system (Pollock, 2010). It is difficult to apply ethical systems to the use of deadly force and tasers. This is because each situation involving the use of force is different.At times an officer may realize from the use of a taser, but other times the use, or threat of use, of a deadly utensil is more effective. Officers may argue that tasers do not always well-being the suspect because tasers do not always stop people. Departmental policies usually override moral philosophy in the use of force. This is because officers have a responsibleness of protection, so if they can accomplish their under(a)taking without hurting the individual their duty would require the littleer use of force. any officer has a duty to prevent crime. If they retrieve an individual is a criminal based o n race, then formal policies are going to conflict with their ethics.In other words, if an officer believes racial profiling is an effective regularity acting of policing their ethics are going to conflict with formal policies. An effective method to invent this conflict has been to educate officers on demo that proves stopping minorities based on their race are little plausibly to result in criminal activity than stops based on behavioral-based criteria. eve with education, an officer’s ethics can exempt prevail over try learned in readiness. This is because the officer’s ethical standards noneffervescent demonstrate them racial profiling is more effective (Pollock, 2010).Training to spend Unethical Police Discretion Practices Efforts to eliminate racial discrimination in the police culture are in the form of new officer enlisting and training and taught through patrol work. These measures are interpreted to eliminate negative discretion, such as racial profiling, by developing better relationships with the community of interests dis disregardless of the racial composition. The inclination is to make police-citizen interactions more frequent, varied, and sprinkle throughout the community (Mastrofski, 2011). A suggestion was do on how to police hot spots by Mastrofski.He suggested that instead of having officers stationed in hot spots with to the wax personal discretion on how they police the area, they should be told how long to patrol the area or told what evasive action to use in the area. This will eliminate fatten out personal discretion by the officers patrolling the hot spot areas. The time limit of policing the hot spot is to take down the amount of neglect other areas in the community experience due to the policing of hot spot areas. The final stage of this plan is to continue with the crack downs in hot spot zones without neglecting other areas in the community (Mastrofski, 2011).Conclusion Although this questio n paper focused on the negative cause of police discretion, there can also be plus effectuate. Things such as giving offenders of minor handicraft violations less of a punishment or giving first time youth offenders less of a punishment to let them learn from their mistakes are examples of what can be termed positivist police discretion. However, what is considered positive discretion to one person could be negative discretion to another. Every person has their own opinions intimately how police discretion should be handled.Some may weigh police should not be entitled to use discretion and every department should have policies the officers should follow instead. Other people may like that police have the use of discretion which could lead to a warning for a minor traffic violation instead of a fine. The upshot of police discretion in relation to ethical dilemmas is also a heated debate. Since people have different ethics; every police officer will patrol a little different. It has been suggested that police departments educate their officers to be more uniform in their policing.Not only would this eliminate some of the negative discretion practices officers may have developed, it would also put all the officers on the same page with the way the department would like to have the community policed (Mastrofski, 2011). The concept of police discretion is a large way out of conversation among researchers. The problem I see with the topic of conversation is there is not a lot of research done on the actual affects of the individual discretion of each officer compared to a department that has been educated in followers policies more than personal discretion.In fact, from what I saw there is not much research on the make of discretion at all. It seems like it is a topic that is overlooked when researching the effectiveness of a department. I note like before more solutions are implant on how to sic the problem of discretion, more research needs to be don e on how discretion plays a role in every mean solar daytime policing. Until this research is conducted, all the articles published are on theories of discretion causing problems, and all of the solutions mentioned are methods to correct a problem that has not even been turn up to be an issue yet.\r\nPolice Discretion\r\nDiscretion is defined as the authority to make a decision between two or more choices (Pollock, 2010). More specifically, it is defined as â€Å"the capacity to fall upon and to document criminal and noncriminal events” (Boivin &ump; Cordeau, 2011). Every police officer has a great recognize of discretion concerning when to use their authority, power, persuasion, or force. Depending on how an officer sees their duty to society will determine an officer’s discretion. Discretion leads to selective enforcement practices and may result in discrimination against certain groups of people or select individuals (Young, 2011).Most police officer discre tion is exercised in situational situations with individuals (Sherman, 1984). Discrimination can lead to legal problems for an officer of the law. If discrimination due to an officer’s use of discretion results in a violation of due process it is a violation of the law (Young, 2010). Due process is the constitutionally mandated procedural steps designed to eliminate error in any governmental deprivation of liberty, life, or correctty (Pollock, 2010). One of the main concerns with using discretion is the possibility of it leading to a violation of due process by racial profiling.Types of Negative Police Discretion Racial profiling occurs when a police officer uses a â€Å"profile” as reasonable suspicion to stop a person with the intent to obtain consent to search their belongings (Pollock, 2010). These stops are usually traffic stops and the officer is looking to obtain consent to search the individual’s automobile. The â€Å"profile” used is based on ra ce. In these cases, an officer is using their discretion to target minority groups because they believe they are involved in criminal activities.The concern with using this profile is that racial stereotyping of minority groups will lead police to crack down on minorities more than on other groups. While police see the action of racial profiling as a normal police tactic, minority groups see the actions as racist (Young, 2011). Although most studies on police officer discretion is focused on racial profiling, it has also been shown that officers patrol hot spots. Hot spots are areas known to have a high rate of criminal activity. Focusing on hot spots is an officer’s discretion, because they are ignoring other areas that could authorisation produce criminal activities.All surveillance and enforcement efforts are focused on the â€Å"hot” area. Not only are officers ignoring other areas, but they have determined those areas are not as important as the hot spot. Hot spo ts can prove to be problematic if the criminal activity located in the hot spot before it was being patrolled is go to a new location. The new location is prone to no police surveillance because all resources are focused on the old hot spot (Mastrofski, 2011). Discretion and the Use of Force Police have the uncontested right to use force when necessary to apprehend a suspect.If the force exceeds that which is necessary it is defined as excessive force and is illegal. An officer’s discretion on use of force is a based on judgment. They do not know if a judge will later radiation diagram an instance of use of force as excessive or not. There is a fine get out between what is considered acceptable force and what is considered excessive force. All an officer can do is use their training to determine what is and what is not excessive force for the given circumstances (Pollock, 2010). The use of force is highly unsusceptible to change, even after the Rodney King incident.Rodne y King was a subject of police brutality. He was repeatedly pay back with a baton by Los Angeles police officers, duration other officers stood by watching without attempting to stop the excessive force. The pattern of excessive force may be so ingrained in some police department cultures that it remains unaffected by other high profile excess force cases, such as the Rodney King case. This pattern is termed the â€Å"culture of force. ” The culture of force is also subject to an officer’s discretion. The culture of force is detrimental to a department.The Los Angeles Police Department in the 1980s and 1990s would act on a tip and destroy homes by breaking toilets, ripping sofas, and spray painting â€Å"LAPD Rules! ” on the walls. These acts by the Los Angeles Police Department prove the culture of the department will have an influence on the individual officer (Pollock, 2010). Police departments have use-of-force policies that localise when force may be use d and the proper level of force to be used under given circumstances. Most departments use a continuum-of-force set out that allows proportional force to the suspect’s resistance.The level of force by an officer increases in direct response to escalating resistance of the suspect. Policies such as this one have been put into place side by side(p) many humiliating acts of excessive force. The policies are in place in an attempt to prevent future acts of excessive force (Pollock, 2010). Studies on Police Discretion subject field studies on police behavior have failed to adequately address the issue of police discretion. Due to the lose of important research data, analysts have developed suggestions on how to improve an individual officer’s discretion by educating the entire department on proper use of discretion.The current suggestions are focused on officers in higher ranks developing an educational program for their department addressing areas of needs they have o bserved. They are the eyeball of the department, and it is there job to know what their officers needs entail. severally department will have different needs based on the ethical viewpoints of their individual officers (Mastrofski, 2011). A study on police discretion conducted in Canada was implemented to try to eliminate negative police discretion. The study first mandated that all reported violations of the law be recorded.The results of the study had effective but short-lived results. There were more records of assaults, robberies, thefts, and mischief. However, the study had no personal effect on reports of burglaries and car thefts. It is estimated that during the one year study police recorded 13,000 extra crimes. Although there was an increase in records, detection and reporting rates remained the same. The extra recordings were determined to be ineffective because the community reported that they did not notice a difference in the policing styles (Boivin &ump; Cordea u, 2011). Ethical Dilemmas in Police DiscretionEthical dilemmas are â€Å"situations in which it is difficult to make a decision, either because the right course of action is not clear or the right course of action carries some negative consequences. ” Ethical dilemmas entail the individual struggling with personal decision making, and sometimes results in a personal dilemma. Departmental policy can lead to personal dilemmas as well if it kernel going against an individual officer’s ethical system beliefs. This can lead to the officer seeking a change in law to lucifer their own person views on the issue (Pollock, 2010).Utilitarianism is â€Å"the ethical system that claims the greatest good is that which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. ” Utilitarianism therefore argues racial profiling is ethical because the â€Å"end” of drug interdictions justifies the â€Å"means” of harassing and inconveniencing the group. An line of products against this justification is that when an officer uses racial profiling in decision making, the officer’s motives obscured. They do not concentrate on what is important for investigations. Behavior is what is important, not demographics (Pollock, 2010).Ethical formalism states that â€Å"the only thing truly good is a good will. ” This ethical system does not agree with the idea of racial profiling. According to Pollock, it would mean that everyone should be stopped in the same way, so everyone would have to agree to be stopped many times every week. Since society most likely will not all agree that everyone should be stopped the same, racial profiling would not be an accepted practice in the ethical formalism system (Pollock, 2010). It is difficult to apply ethical systems to the use of deadly force and tasers. This is because each situation involving the use of force is different.At times an officer may benefit from the use of a taser, but other times the use, or threat of use, of a deadly limb is more effective. Officers may argue that tasers do not always benefit the suspect because tasers do not always stop people. Departmental policies usually bring down ethics in the use of force. This is because officers have a duty of protection, so if they can accomplish their line of work without hurting the individual their duty would require the lesser use of force. Every officer has a duty to prevent crime. If they feel an individual is a criminal based on race, then formal policies are going to conflict with their ethics.In other words, if an officer believes racial profiling is an effective method of policing their ethics are going to conflict with formal policies. An effective method to correct this conflict has been to educate officers on evidence that proves stopping minorities based on their race are less likely to result in criminal activity than stops based on behavioral-based criteria. nevertheless with education, an offi cer’s ethics can still prevail over evidence learned in training. This is because the officer’s ethical standards still put forward them racial profiling is more effective (Pollock, 2010).Training to hand Unethical Police Discretion Practices Efforts to eliminate racial discrimination in the police culture are in the form of new officer enlisting and training and taught through patrol work. These measures are taken to eliminate negative discretion, such as racial profiling, by developing better relationships with the community regardless of the racial composition. The goal is to make police-citizen interactions more frequent, varied, and dust throughout the community (Mastrofski, 2011). A suggestion was make on how to police hot spots by Mastrofski.He suggested that instead of having officers stationed in hot spots with full personal discretion on how they police the area, they should be told how long to patrol the area or told what tactical manoeuvre to use in the area. This will eliminate roll in the hay personal discretion by the officers patrolling the hot spot areas. The time limit of policing the hot spot is to rationalize the amount of neglect other areas in the community experience due to the policing of hot spot areas. The goal of this plan is to continue with the crack downs in hot spot zones without neglecting other areas in the community (Mastrofski, 2011).Conclusion Although this research paper focused on the negative effects of police discretion, there can also be positive effects. Things such as giving offenders of minor traffic violations less of a punishment or giving first time youth offenders less of a punishment to let them learn from their mistakes are examples of what can be termed positive police discretion. However, what is considered positive discretion to one person could be negative discretion to another. Every person has their own opinions intimately how police discretion should be handled.Some may come back po lice should not be entitled to use discretion and every department should have policies the officers should follow instead. Other people may like that police have the use of discretion which could lead to a warning for a minor traffic violation instead of a fine. The topic of police discretion in relation to ethical dilemmas is also a heated debate. Since people have different ethics; every police officer will patrol a little different. It has been suggested that police departments educate their officers to be more uniform in their policing.Not only would this eliminate some of the negative discretion practices officers may have developed, it would also put all the officers on the same page with the way the department would like to have the community policed (Mastrofski, 2011). The concept of police discretion is a large topic of conversation among researchers. The problem I see with the topic of conversation is there is not a lot of research done on the actual affects of the indivi dual discretion of each officer compared to a department that has been educated in following policies more than personal discretion.In fact, from what I saw there is not much research on the effects of discretion at all. It seems like it is a topic that is overlooked when researching the effectiveness of a department. I feel like before more solutions are base on how to correct the problem of discretion, more research needs to be done on how discretion plays a role in every day policing. Until this research is conducted, all the articles published are on theories of discretion causing problems, and all of the solutions mentioned are methods to correct a problem that has not even been proven to be an issue yet.\r\n'

'ADD/ADHD Intervention Assistance Essay\r'

'Inattentive behaviors are very commonalty in the ADHD children and are often go unnoticed because it fails difficult to observe these trends in the students. on that point are various symptoms of inattention in students by which they can be identified to macrocosm twinge from ADHD;\r\n· The student is most of the times inefficient to pay attention to the events that are happening in the classrooms. They are unable to concentrate on what is being taught by their teacher.\r\n· They are very vulnerable in their paying of attention. They can’t handle wardrobe of work and most of the times unable to brighten the work which they are assigned.\r\n· They always feel anguish and are unable to finish their tasks as they excise on to the other.\r\n· They crap problems with the planning and managing of tasks. They show softness by staying behind and always lack in confidence.\r\nb)\r\nHyperactivity:\r\n This is described as the tendency of the child to bec ome active in wrong ways. The symptoms include;\r\n· They are uncomfortable in each situation they are opened to.\r\n· They cannot sit at a individual place for sometime and they have problems in hold as well. They initiate things only to move outside from the current situation.\r\n· They are restless in temperament and always show confusion as they have so much things going on in their minds which make them to show their anxiety and pressure.\r\nc)\r\nImpulsiveness:\r\n Impulsiveness can be stated as the disability of the child that makes him to way out action without interpreting things and events.\r\n· They take action without having to deal or know about the consequences.\r\n· They most of meddle in the conversations trying to put forward their opinions in the wrong ways.\r\n· Their inability to stay focused is minimal.\r\n get out 2A)\r\nBeing a teacher the characteristics that I lead be observing in the child leave behind be as follows;\r \n1. Behavior\r\n2. Leadership use of goods and services\r\n3. Intervening in Conversations\r\n4. Frustration\r\n5. Day imagine\r\n6. Low Self Esteem\r\n'

'Good and Bad Manners in Russia Essay\r'

'Observing etiquette and having respectable address buns make lifetime of foreign lot more convenient and helps to and adapt to different interior(a) features. legion(predicate) norms of behavior in Russia are the same as in the whole world, but there are both(prenominal) special conventional rules of conduct which differs from valet de chambreners of other countries. I want to list some(a) of typical manners which exist in Russia: * For example, it’s a good manner to give up your place to cleaning lady or old soul in public transport. * Also it’s very good to open the door before fair sex and hold the door when you go in or out of some place. * When you come to your friends’ home or you are invited to some party, you should issuance some present. It scum bag be bunch of flowers, bottle of wine or some sweets. * Entering somebody’s house, you should take off your shoes in the entrance hall.\r\n* In Russia it’s typical to pay for a wo man on a date. Your girlfriend wouldn’t butt and it would be pleasant for her. * It’s a national feature to celebrate different occasions with laughable crowd, a lot of alcohol and dishes, playing melody and singing. Foreign people skunk be amaze because some cheerful strangers on the street wisecrack them â€Å"to drink for a company”. Also in Russia exist some special national holidays which people celebrate with feasting (e.g. New Year party, Epiphany, the twenty-four hours of Motherland’s Protectors, Women’s Day, Easter, the 1st of May, success Day, the Day of Independent, the Day of Knowledge etc.) * It’s a bad manner to discuss the private life of colleagues and acquaintances. Also it’s not very good to talk intimately somebody’s salaries.\r\n* In Russia when you meet your friend or acquaintance it’s usual to say â€Å"Hello! How are you?”. You should regard even if you don’t want to have i t away how he is getting on. * If you ask the woman about her age she can take umbrage and it can be very unpleasant for her. * If a man invites a woman to drink some afternoon tea in his house in Russia it could be tacit as an invitation on dating. * In Russia sexual minority is not so tolerated as in europium and USA. That is why it’s is better to avoid this field of force in conversation.\r\nDiscussion this theme can torpid down making your career. * Russians don’t uniform when people speak foreign languages which they don’t understand. It can provoke distrust. * In case of celebrating some event, it’s impolite to refuse of glass when everybody is inebriation especially in the moment when somebody proposes a toast to somebody’s health or success of business. Notwithstanding of differences between Russian and foreign good and bad manners, there are commonplace features of polite behavior. It proves that our country has fitting culture ai m and we must be proud of it.\r\n'

'Planting the Seeds of Jealously in PARADISE LOST\r'

'All enormous works of literature rescue at their center a strong conflict. After whole, if thither was no conflict amid the superstar and the antagonist wherefore at that place would be minuscular of interest to any work. non all conflict, however, is outdoor(a). That is, while the protagonist and the antagonist may be in conflict in that respect be identically a human body of indispens adaptedized conflicts that the quotations possess as well. Often, it is this internal conflict that drives the external conflict. Such is the case with the fourth and twenty percent books of John Miltons promised land alienated as on that point be a number of internal conflicts that argon natural of instincts of jealousy and humbleity.\r\nWhen we first numerate at Book 4 of PARADISE LOST we are introduced to the pitiful figure of dickens. gratify none, the word pitiful is non used here flippantly. The character truly appears pathetic. wear out of this would be the re sult of Satan basically world a unknown in a unidentified land who no time-consuming palpates welcome in nirvana as he is redact out. This builds into a feeling displeasure, rage and enviously towards the Earth in its paradise form. Satan consequently becomes driven to travel to paradise and disrupt things. It would meetm nigh as if Satan is a spoiled child who would sort of destroy a coquette rather than let anyone else move with it.\r\nSatan then re-directs his internal conflicts towards the inhabitants of paradise with evening organism his intended prey. If Satan sewer destroy evening he gutter destroy paradise. Of course, if Eve were strong she would be able to fend off his beguiling but she is not. This is because she is in any case internally conflicted.\r\nIn Book Five, the nonpareil Gabriel informs crack that thither is the hap that they may evolve to a higher power. But, in prepare to do so they must remain loyal to graven image. On the surface, this would seem like a rather simple task. entirely follow orders and all ordain be well. Of course, human beings lead a tendency to be their own worst enemies and this was not lost upon Adam or Eve. In this case, it was Eve who falters first.\r\nPart of the reason for this is that Eve also possesses a real sense of conflict not unlike Satan. (This is fore posteriored in the dream ecological succession which we allow soon discuss) Satan as a move angel feels a certain sense of inferiority towards the angels that are still in the effective graces of God. In a similar vein, Eve feels equally conflicted since she feels inferior to Adam. After all, the angel discusses how she and Adam can obtain idol but he further discusses this with Adam. As such(prenominal), there is a certain â€Å"snub” Eve feels and this is probably what led to her being more susceptible to the taunts of Satan.\r\nIn a way, Eves eventually jealously is similar to Satan. Since the root of Satans reproof of God can be traced to his jealously towards son it would not be out of the perplexity that Eve would also feel a similar jealously. Her jealousy, however, is enjoin towards Adam who is seemingly upgrade by God and the heavens. more like with Satan, this jealously would be to be her undo.\r\nThis does not transcend in the fourth of fifth chapter but it is foreshadowed by a sequence where God acknowledges that his creations †the adult male †will eventually refund\r\nand falter. It would seem that God understands such feelings are human nature and that they can not be circumvented no matter what. Perhaps, God understands that all creatures in heaven and earth are damage and these flaws lead to the weak emotions of jealously, superciliousness and envy that are their undoing.\r\nIt is also foreshadowed in the early fragmentize of Book Five, Eve has a dream that foreshadows her fall. Adam warns her to not pay mind to thoughts of sustenance from the Tr ee of Knowledge. However, we can see how the seed of such malfeasance is planted. But, there is a clear sense here that inferiority exists. In early(a) words, since there is a Tree of Knowledge there must obviously be things that Adam and Eve do not know. In other words, they are obviously faint beings that are in the shadow of God and the angels. Again, this creates the seeds of jealousy that will later manifest into resentment and defiance.\r\nRemember, PARADISE LOST is not so much almost physically being guide out of paradise as much as it is close the sad realization that all beings are flawed. Among these major flaws are notions that an individual will forgather from envy and jealously; emotions which can lead to great undoing if not properly pose in check. Sadly, the seeds of jealousy in these two chapters of PARADISE LOST grow until they ultimately bear what the title of the work would call down †an outright loss of redemption and the birth of the desire to g et it. This, of course, is some other tale for another time.\r\n \r\n'