Analysing Sustainability Policies Of Hewlett Packard Environmental Sciences Essay

Company debut. I have selected HP Ltd Company for my assignment subject. Hewlett-Packard ( HP ) is an first-class company. It provides printing and scanning equipments to consumers, concerns, and industry and intuitions all over the World. The company is non merely limited to the industry of pressmans, scanner and peripheral equipment but besides provides consultancies, entree devices, personal computer science and worldwide services to big, average sized and little administrations. I have selected HP Printer Company due to its Climate friendly attitude that is rather obvious from its policies and one-year meeting studies. The HP Company is good committed to cut down C footmark in its policy. It has taken several practical attacks in last few old ages to cut down its C pes print. lineation of the company HP is an international company with supply concatenation all over the universe. The direction construction consists of five board of managers. The chief sections include Nomination and Governance, Human Resource, Audit and engineering. In add-on to the direction board, the company has an executive apparatus dwelling upon senior and executive frailty presidents from concern division and caputs of corporate maps. The executive commission has different duties than the direction squad. The executive commission ensures that the ethical and environmental policies of the company are decently followed. HP uses an first-class nomenclature in planetary ethical small town. It uses the word â€Å" planetary citizenship † which is an existent duty, a company should play to protect planetary environment and beauty to quality for planetary coitizenship. 2.1 Functions of company 2.2 Distinctive characteristics The eco-cost are the amount of direct and in-direct costs of the environmental impacts caused by the merchandise in its full life rhythm. The purpose of the EMS is to happen out alternate design, theoretical account and parts which are eco-friendly. Actually, it is true analysis as impacts on environment does be us like waste direction or the wellness jeopardies to the public etc. HP is climate friendly company. It add the cost of wellness jeopardies of ink, disposal cost and usage of electricity in the existent cost of the pressman to happen out the environmental impacts. Its alone policies to command EMS inside the administration and proctor external organizational environmental activities has made it successful and typical in modern fabrication industry. It has good developed EMS for long clip that is continuously revised and reviewed. The acute involvement of HP Ltd in environmental protection through its fabrication procedure, preparations, awareness compaigh, research, aid to a ssociated houses and counsel to its employees are important characteristics of HP Ltd. 2.3 Business activities and relationship to environment We can depict the impact of pressman by spliting it into three stages ; paper use impacts, electricity use and the direction of waste merchandises. Harmonizing to historical informations, the use of paper has increased to three crease over the last three decennaries ( Mckinny 1995 ) . The paper has been used as a chief beginning of information storage since antediluvian Egyptians invented the papyrus, the Chinese do it more perfect by big scale paper industry and Gutenberg invented the printing imperativeness ( Saaty 1980 ) . The planetary heating has increased the importance of paperless nomenclature and most of organisations and public-service corporation houses are exchanging to the paperless schemes ( Newton 1993 ) . HP Ltd is globally recognised company. It has strong concern dealingss to its partnr companies and subsidieries. HP is fabricating a immense scope of merchandises and rule merchandises like pressmans use vry toxic stuff in the signifier of ink. HP has taken an enviro nmental protection attack to salvage environment by following EMS itself and guaranting that its concern links besides follow its policies. Its audit system, information and consciousness compaigh, support and advice to dependant concerns and proficient aid to associated concern provides satisfaction that HP is working towards its C print decrease scheme successfully and adequately. HP Ltd ‘s environmental policies are non ony refected from its internal organizational dealingss but besides through its relation to spouse companies through out the universe and dependent partnr companies like parts providers, packaging companies, transportors and preparation companies. HP has a right attack to supervise its internal organizational policies and observe external organition'sresonsibilities at the same clip. Environmental duties of the company Environmental impact HP company is bring forthing many merchandises hving direct or indirect impacts on environment. For simpleness, we can dis cussone merchandise ; Printers. Assorted metals are used in pressman ‘s fabrication. The metals include galvanized steel metal for construction, plated steel shafts, and Copper metal in motor and little fraction of Aluminum in other parts. These metal stuffs are reclaimable but Copper in motor may suppress steel recycling. The electronic constituent besides contributes to environmental impact and consists chiefly on printed electronic board ( PWB ) and some electronics. However, the electronic constituents merely make the 3 % weight of the pressmans in entire ( William et al 2005 ) . The electronics in pressmans consist on few PWB ; normally six and weighing approximately 250 gms. The circuit boards are made of few millimeters thick epoxy coated glass fibre cloth laminate plated with Cu but these are free of lead. The procedure of circuit board fabrication consists on FR4 laminate procedure ; a composite and popular laminate substrate industry procedure. The procedure is a wet processing method dwelling on cover, lithography, plating, and electronics engrafting to make a printed circuit board. The epoxy is normally assorted with a bromide fire retardent. Hazard to the administration HP company has environmental direction system in administration. The system has been developed many old ages ago and still come oning towards to cut down the footmark. The EMS is used to place hazards and impacts of the HP company on environment. HP company has a valid survelliance system to place environmental hazards by utilizing its EMS. The hazards may be present in assorted sections incuding operational departmemt, fabrication, packaging, selling and administration. Once cardinal hazard countries are identified and managed, further monitoring, reappraisal and alteration of EMS is carried out to guarantee successful safety to environment. HP company has besides an audit system to look into if the internal operations including environmental protection policy and process are followed or non. The audit section provides a regular observation to look into either company is successful to maintain its planetary citizenship or non. The pressmans are used domestically, commercially and in industry. The general intent of domestically used pressmans is designed to make a satisfied occupation of publishing at acceptable flawlessness degree. Normally, no duplexer is associated with domestically used pressmans and pages are turned manually by the user. Largely two types of cartridges are used ; one for the text printing and other for the colour printing. A printer battalion normally comes with a pressman itself, a black cartridge, a colour cartridge, a power overseas telegram, an external power supply, a USB or other port linking overseas telegram, CD-ROM ( with package ) and a user information brochure. The pressman varies in size and usually weighs range from 1.5 to 5 kilogram. Similarly the monetary value varies harmonizing to do and quality. Now we can take an analysis of pressman ‘s fabrication phase. Printers are made of polymers in their primary construction and in the industry of its parts ( Smits 1996 ) . Two most commonly polymers in pressmans include high impact polystyrene ( HIPS ) and acrylonitrile-butadiene cinnamene ( ABS ) . However, all plastics in pressmans are non needfully HIPS or ABS and 86 % of plastic in pressmans are reclaimable ( William et al 2002 ) . An excluding per centum is non reclaimable due to the presence of filets. However, for the simpleness of our instance survey, we assume that pressman plastics are ABS. We will be sing chief fabrication stuff in life rhythm and will non concentrate on the intermediate stuff processing, packaging and transportation. A tabular array for boxing stuff stock list has been reprocessed from information beginnings ( Jason et al 2005 ) . Legal Duty HP is successfully conformity with environmental related Torahs. These includes European brotherhood limitation of Hazardous Substances ( ROHS ) , WEE Direcive and many more. The ROHS enforce that any electronic merchandise fabrication company must do it certain that the merchandise or constituent may non incorporate lead, quicksilver, Cd, bexavalent, Cr, PBB and PBDE flameretardants more than and over the limitation imposed by jurisprudence. All HP merchandises are conformity with Eu ROHS alteration ( ROHS 2 ) , Turkey ROH, China ROH and all other Ro hiking limitations. HP was one of the few companies who foremost of all achieved complience with EU ROHS in stuff choice non merely in its subdivisions in Europe but in all over the universe. EU ROHS was implemented in 2006. The policy of conformity with material limitation harmonizing to EU ROHS is obvious from one-year study of HP. The one-year study provides a comprehensive treatment and decision on acceptance of material limitation in Al its planetary unit to follow environmental jurisprudence. The HP is besides conformity with WEEE directive. The directing enforce duty on manufacturer of a merchandise to to take back and recycle their ain merchandises. The purpose of directive is to cut down landfill, C print and encourage makers to bring forth less waste.. Critical Review of Company EMS system Policy Every administration concerned with environmental protection has fixed some duties in its charters towards the benefit of environment through its operations.HP is committed to supply environmental protection and therefore it has duties witin administration, with provider and towards general populace every bit good to guarantee that they understand environmental protection. HP has non merely audit system within its ain administration but besides an internal audit system to peep into suppier fabrication system against environmental duties. HP is non a individual unit but it is globally dispersed and has subsideries through out the universe. Head office of HP Ltd is responsible to maintain an appropriate EMS at all of its subordinates. Each concern unit has an environmental guidance commission on environment, heath and safety and a manager of environmental plans. HP has an effectual supply concatenation direction system that is responsible to describe environmental issues in its one-yea r planetary citizenship study. Planing Planning is the first measure in any direction activity. Similarly, HP has an accurateplanning policy for its EMS. Protection of planetary citizenship by carry throughing environmental protection responcibility is ultimate aim in planning policy. The planning policy is non merely HP ‘s planning for EMS. The planning policy besides provide a tool for subordinates and deperndent concerns to develop and pull off their EMS. A council specialised in environmental issues and established to cover with EMS is known as Environmental Strategic Council in HP organizational construction. For illustration, few old ages ago, the strategic council took determination on exclusion of some chemicals from fabricating procedure. The chemicals were unsafe for wellness and safety and may foul environment due to long permanent effects. There was a affair ofcost rise in caseof following safe stuff but strategic council advise to follow safer chemicals instantly and research for cost effectual safer ch emicals in future. Planning is used in planing, material subdivision, energy efficiency, selling and fabrication stages to guarantee EMS has been considered at every phase of a merchandise. The impact of pressman use on environment can be best understood by sing C print produced as a consequence of energy use during its industry, usage and so in waste disposal. All phases of pressman should be considered get downing from, pressman industry to the terminal of printer life. None of the phases can be ignored as disregarding any stage will non number the existent sum of CO2 production at that phase. For illustration, if we ignore fabricating phase so we can disregard the CO2 produced at fabrication phase of the pressman. Execution and operation HP has an effectual direction system that addresses labour issues, labour direction issues, EMS issues, human resource issues, ehical issues and supply concatenation issues. The HP direction has arranged two audit systems. The internal audit system carry out frequent audits depending upon the degree and sum of hazard. The external audits are conducted to keep ISO 14001 and 9000 enfranchisement. The figure of external and internal audits vary harmonizing to the size of site aswell as the complexness of an administration. In HP Ltd, same scheme is applied for internal audits. However, the external audits are normally twice a twelvemonth to maintain ISO criterions. External audits are besides used as a tool to step and record the green house gas emanation. Internal audits farther verify these informations and helps in modifying EMS to decrese green house gas in future. Environmental protection is besides closely associated with wellness and safety ordinances. Therefor internal audits on wellness and safety are besides conducted on a regular basis by wellness and safety commission. 4.4 Communication Communication is an indispensable tool for successful operation of a company. Communication is divided into two parts ; an internal communicating and an external communicating. HP Ltd has really effectual communicating system that was further strengthened by constitution of stakeholder battle council in 2006. Stakeholder engagement council consist on HP ‘s senior directors and guarantee company ‘s relationship with NGO and other stakeholders. The council members are responsible to supply comprehensive support to identify holders in all issues. These issues may be everyday, environmental, opratonal, organizational, preparation, audt or administration. The council member make certain that stakeholder understand the HP ‘s environmental policy and follow it efficaciously. HP doesnot go forth stakeholder in isolaton but provide an integrating communicating with stakeholder into concern pattern. The communicating is carried efficaciously in HP with the aid of be aftering tool, stakeholder battle, on-line information, cognition and database, practical and physical support centres and employee ‘s support. The degree and resource of communicating in HP Ltd includes meetings, studies, input consequences, one-year studies, action programs, policy and processs, conferences and docket Sessionss. HP communicates with clients, providers, contractors and sub-contractors, stakeholders, NGOS, local and international environmental bureaus, employees and empolyers to better understand emerging environmental issues. Documentation HP has policy to document all its activities. Most of important activites are accessable through its one-year studies. HP is working towards environmental ends. It has besides adopted paperless schemes like other environmentally friendly administrations. Therefore most of HP paperss can be achieved on-line. The on-line paperss include HP providers, occupationa wellness andsafety policy, environmental guidelines, merchandise purchase understanding, purchase order term and conditions and many more. Emergency readiness Checking and disciplinary action The involvement of HP limited is existent and can be realised by HP programme to run a charting class of environmental leading in market. The EMS analyzer package, environmental advanced classs, reuse of stuff and following new engineerings are adequate grounds to label HP as an environmentally friendly company. HP has introduced a construct of environmtal matrices as a step of environmental efficiency. The matrices are focused on C print of a merchandise during its development. The usage of environmental matrices is an advanced thought as compared to life rhythm analysis methodological analysis. The environmental public presentation matrices are treated as standard units and are applicable to both domestic and commercial merchandises. HP has non merely improved its merchandises but besides recalled any merchandise, it found hazard to climate. For illustration, the pressmans either industrial, commercial or domestic usage some chemicals in the signifier of ink which is harmful to the environment and human wellness ( Dias 2004 ) . These chemical are hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and besides do important harm to lungs, skin and nervous tissues if exposed for long clip. The harmful stuffs used in pressman besides contain really hazadorous stuff including Silver, Phosphoric acid and Isopropyl intoxicant. HP has taken a careful attack and introduced less harmful chemicals. One of such steps is the arid printing. The waterless engineering reduces VOCs ( Volatile Organic Compound ) emanations by 98 % . The VOC are the major subscriber in formation of low degree Ozone ( Counsell et al 2007 ) . The low degree ozone can do respiratory jobs and worsen asthma and other respiratory diseases. The VOC are gasses dwelling on harmful chemicals with negative wellness effects. These chemicals cause environmental pollution by distributing crude oi l based ink dies ( Erbes 1996 ) . Petroleum based inks have been the traditional pick in the printing industry. These inks are non considered as environmentally friendly. The other disadvantages of crude oil based inks are the usage of non-renewable resource-petroleum. HP has introduced ink betterment in print industry. These inks are vegetable based and soy based inks and let go of few fractions of VOC. Management Review HP has adopted EMS system for many old ages but it is continuously updated after reappraisal, alteration and amendments in the visible radiation of feedback received by assorted resources. EMS is reviewd andupdated by assorted ways. For illustration, HP run an on-line moralss class for its employees and each employee is tracked either he has updated his preparation or non. In add-on to moralss preparation, other preparations like environmental protection, wellness and safety, fire drill, emergy emptying and consciousness of policy and processs are besides availablein local and multiple linguistic communications. The best illustration of a compulsory preparation at Canada HP centre is called â€Å" Work Well † preparation and cnsist on ergonometric appraisal and compulsory preparation faculties. Stakeholders are besides involved in environmental awareness preparation but it is conducted by HP employees directy interacting with external stakeholders by virtuousness of their busi nss activities. An on-line consciousness an preparation programm is besides available through HP chief web site. In add-on to earlier mentionedtrainings, HP arrange leading, entire quality direction preparations and any farther preparation, it considered necessary for the protection of gobal environment. Life rhythm analysis and EMS Global heating, environmental pollution, industrial reforms to pull off environmental pollution and human attempts to command planetary heating are hot issues now-a-days ( Curran 1996 ) . Every merchandise has a life rhythm get downing from its fabrication to its terminal of life ( Lehman 2007 ) . The life rhythm appraisal ( LCA ) is a important tool to measure the impact of a merchandise on environment throughout its life ( Hischier 2007 ) . Mechanical and fabricating applied scientists can take benefit of LCA informations of a merchandise to reexamine and revise the stuff, design and engineering of the merchandise to cut down its negative impact on the environment ( Fussler et al 1996 ) . With the information of LCA of the merchandises, it is possible to choose environmentally friendly stuff to do merchandises pleasant, less harmful to environment and more efficient ( Guinee 2001 ) . Cost has been a important inducement but information of planetary heating has changed man of affair s and purchaser ‘s position about a merchandise ( Newton 1993 ) . Both purchaser and concern adult male is more attractive to environmentally friendly merchandise ( Cramer et al 1997 ) . Use of computing machines in modern epoch has created a batch of peripheral and accoutrements used parallel to the computing machines. Printers, scanners, web Cam and many other accoutrements are mundane usage in modern epoch. Each of these merchandises is made of assorted stuffs and therefore has assorted phases of life rhythm. There are three important methods to measure the environmental impact of a merchandise ( James 1997 ) . These are known as eco-point, eco-cost and eco-compass. In life rhythm environmental cost analysis ( LCECA ) , the eco costs are included into the entire cost of the merchandise. The LCA of a pressman has been outlined in figure ( 1 & A ; 2 ) get downing from its industry to the terminal of life. The life rhythm of the pressman defines the stuff and energy associated with the pressman over its life rhythm from the extraction, aggregation of the natural stuff at production site, production procedure, its usage, reuse, recycling or disposal at the terminal of life and its part in the planetary C pes print. In a existent sense, the LCA of pressman is an analysis of the stuff and energy flow till the terminal of merchandise life. The packaging and transportation of pressmans besides contribute to the C print and do a part in their life rhythm ( Hischier 2007 ) . The packaging consists on composition board box, poster board, and paper manual and polystyrene restraints ( PEPI 2008 ) . There may be strips of paper film editings as been used to procure pressman packaging in the yesteryear. Transportation and transit of pressman besides contribute in the C print of th e planetary heating Figure 1 ; LCA Figure 2 ; Printer Life Cycle stages The pressmans use paper, ink and electricity through out of their life rhythm. The cartridges consist on polythene Terephthalate ( PET ) glass filled polyester and electronics. Largely, LCA of a merchandise is focused to happen out impact on C pes printing ( Guinee 2001 ) . Harmonizing to a research conducted by HP on its inkjet pressman LCA, paper has a important part in carbon pes printing ( HP 2009 ) . Contribution to carbon pes printing is a planetary nomenclature to happen out environmental impact of a merchandise during its lifecycle ( Fussler 1996 ) . An stock list tabular array has been reprocessed by taking information from two resources ( See table 1for pressman and table 2 & A ; 3 for Cartridge and packaging ) . Item`Note Metallic elements ( Total ) 910 Steel 696 Aluminum 165 Copper 49 Motor Winding Plastic ( Total ) 2179 Reclaimable 1887 Non-Recyclable 292 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 163 Hip 1472 Others plastics 544 Includes elastomers etc Others Genera 144 Electronicss ( Total ) 507 Including external overseas telegram and power supply. Printer Total 3740 Recyclable ( Total ) 2947 Includes reclaimable metals, plastics, Cu etc. Reclaimable ( % ) 79 % Table 1 ( Inventory tabular array reproduced by information sourced Jason et al 2005 ; William et Al 2002 ) Ratio between reclaimable and non-recyclable stuff in an inkjet pressman Figure 3 ; Comparison between reclaimable and non-recyclable stuff Inventory tabular array reproduced by information sourced Jason et al 2005 ; William et Al 2002Cartridge MaterialItemMass ( gm )NotePlastics ( entire )20PET+ 15 % GF20Other PlasticsOther Generals ( entire )Electronicss4Ink21Black 21 g/Color 42 gCartridge Total45Table 2 ( Jason et al 2005 ; William et Al 2002 )Printer PackagingTable 3Printer PackagingItemMass ( gm )NotePolystyrene0.014Transporting restrainPolycarbonate0.015CadmiumPaperboard/Cardboard0.881Office paper0.107Manual etcPackaging ( Total )1.017Table 3 Jason et Al 2005 ; William et Al 2002 )

Hotel Rwanda Term Paper Essay

1. If you were in the situation of Paul, how far would you go to protect your countrymen, when you know very well that this will cost you the life of your family? Will you abandon your family to save the lives of others? => If I will put myself in Paul’s situation, I think, I would help and protect my countrymen as long as I can and as long as I’m living. But first I’m going to ensure my family’s safety before I gamble my life. If I die for the sake of others, it will looked like I abandoned my family but truly it’s not, because in the situation, I think they will surely understand me why am I going to sacrifice myself just to protect and save others life who only depends on me. It’s not that I prefer to die than to live with my family, but I also believe that life lived for others is worth living, like our God who gave His only Son for the sake of us all. God gave me life not just for my family but also for other people. Honestly, Not only y our family makes your world but also the other people around you. And I cannot take to see those people struggling and dying then I just do nothing. Especially when I know that i’m the only one who can protect them. I know I cannot save everyone because i’m just only human but somehow, i know i did something I can. 2. In the ensuing violence, the international community and the government was forced to pull its foreign emissaries to safety. This included officials providing aid and relief such as the UN and the Red Cross. Do you think that the government and the international community’s decision to remove its employees from the scene of the fight were ethical, despite the fact that the natives rely on these organizations for aid and protection? Justify your answer using one ethical theory that we’ve discussed in class. => It is true that the goverment became selfish about their decision of forcing the foreign emissaries to leave and put themselves into safety even if they know that there’s no other people who can help the natives except them. But we can’t deny the fact that those foreign emissaries were not involved in the war and so, their race must be saved, that’s why, what they have done was ethical. By the use of the theory called Egoism, which means things or actions can be moral or ethical if it will benefit one’s interest and will care about your own value, it can be proven that it was ethical to saved only the whites because there’s nothing wrong of saving your own race and disregard the others even though it would be so wrong in the other people’s eyes. To better understand this situation, try to put yourself in their place and surely you will only save yourself and your race. But we can still that it is an ethical egoistic act. 3. The struggle between the Hutus and the Tutsis of Rwanda was allegedly due to the interference of the Belgian and other Western colonizers, who have created this kind of â€Å"caste system† (Hutu and Tutsi) in the first place. Do you think that the colonizers were the party to blame in the violence that occurred? Why? => Yes! no one should be blame but them because if they didn’t create that †caste systemâ € , the Hutus and Tutsis would only be one race with no insecurities and no superior. And therefore, there would be no occurence of violence. Because of that caste system, the discrimination occured between the two race by their physical characteristics,The Tustsi became superior that made the Hutus started the slaughter in their country due to their rage or fury. And so, the Colonizers were the one to be blame. 4. The genocide in Rwanda is not a unique case. In fact, it is reminiscent of the Holocaust during the Nazi era and the religious struggle between Pakistan Muslims and Indian Hindus. How do you think will genocide be prevented in the future? => Genocide usually occur because of having insecurities between different race by physical, identity or position in the society and power. And no other resolution for this but to be satisfied in yourself. You must make a change within yourself. Let us avoid discrimination that will cost anger and revenge because this simple revenge will lead to a big trouble and war. We must also face the problem that we see without using violent ways and we will somehow work it out by proper conversation. Finding peace within yourself could also help us to prevent genocide, it will help you not to bad things especially to kill lives.If you know what peace is, you will surely want it and once you want it, you will make a way to have it. We must also respect each other, know every people’s worth so that , if you are one of the soldiers or the one who is involved, you would realize that life is so important. And of course, the goverment holds the big responsibility about this, so I think they must be friend with other nation, the world must come together. And the soldiers must know where are they for, because if they are for peace, then why is there war? they must also know their limitation.

Comparing owning a car or a motorcycle Essay

Comparing owning a car or a motorcycle Mark Applewhite ENG 121 English Composition 1 Steve McKenna 12 Feb 2012 [no notes on this page] -1- Running head: Car or Motorcycle 2 1. he use â€Å"One† One must decide†¦ [Irene RoblesHuerta] 2. other. Isn’t that backwards? Isn’t it tougher if a person likes driving both? [Irene RoblesHuerta] 3. consideration. I see what you have done here. The next step is to combine the last two sentences into one strong thesis statement. Also, while the numbers help you organize your thoughts they should be removed from the final version of the thesis. [Irene Robles-Huerta] 4. motorcycle. This sentence is unclear. When you are editing your paper please go through and read your essay aloud. This will help you catch these errors that are hard to â€Å"see. † [Irene Robles-Huerta] 5. approved. This sentence is hard to follow. How might you reword it to make your point clear to the reader? [Irene RoblesHuerta] 6. $16125. good [Irene Robles-Huerta] 7. difference average difference [Irene Robles-Huerta] 8. economy. good transition [Irene Robles-Huerta] 9. vehicle. Nice job developing a cohesive paragraph. You began with a clear topic sentence and supported your main idea using details and examples. [Irene RoblesHuerta] 10. The Each paragraph should naturally lead into the next. Use transition words or phrases such as â€Å"eventually, therefore, as a result. † For additional information, visit the Ashford Writing Center located in Constellation. Click on Ch 3. 1. [Irene RoblesHuerta] Single military members stationed overseas are only authorized to own one vehicle, a car or a motorcycle. This decision can be especially tough if that person prefers to drive one over the other. When it comes time to make the decision of whether to buy a car or a motorcycle, he or she must compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the following: (1) Price (2) Gas mileage (3) Overall safety of the vehicle and (4) Passenger and storage capability. Each of these vehicles has major differences and each one needs to be taken into serious consideration. 3 2 1 The price of a new vehicle can have the greatest impact on the decision of buying a car or a motorcycle. This is mainly because one must usually apply for a loan, and the more money one is requesting, the harder it is to get approved. A car, being the more expensive, averages $29217. This could be a disadvantage for someone who may have less than perfect credit. If paying less is an advantage, then the motorcycle is the right choice at an average price of $16125. That’s a difference of $13092. After comparing the prices of the vehicle, the second comparison one must make is the vehicles fuel economy. 8 7 6 5 4 With the ever increasing price of fuel, the miles per gallon that a vehicle gets is a major factor that needs to be taken into consideration. Over the years, the average fuel economy in both motorcycles and cars has dramatically improved. For the individual looking to spend the least on gas, a motorcycle has the advantage with an average of 44mpg, as opposed to a car with an average of 33mpg. The motorcycle can also be a disadvantage because while you may be able to drive farther per gallon of fuel, one must refill the tank more often. A motorcycle can travel approximately 220 miles before needing more fuel, but a car can go almost 500 miles. This can be an advantage for someone who likes to drive long distances without having to stop for fuel very often. The third comparison one must make is the safety of a vehicle. 10 9 [note continued from right margin†¦] -2- Running head: Car or Motorcycle The overall safety of a vehicle is a serious comparison that one must make. While the 3 improvements to a cars safety systems have improved every year, the safety of riding a motorcycle have remained unchanged. The advantage of driving a car is that in the event of an accident, the driver and passengers have numerous safety systems that could ultimately save their lives, such as; seatbelts, anti-lock brakes, airbags, and electronic crash avoidance systems. The disadvantage of riding a motorcycle is that the only safety devices the rider has is in the gear they choose to wear. The most important safety equipment a rider can wear is a helmet, neck brace, chest and spine protector, leather gloves and over the ankle boots. Unfortunately, even if the rider wears everything, it is almost certain that the rider will be severely injured or killed in a major accident. The last thing to think about is the passenger and storage capabilities of the vehicle Having the capability to carry both passengers and cargo is the last and most important determining factor in the decision of buying a car or a motorcycle. A car has the advantage if the person has a family or intends on carrying passengers, with the capability to carry up to five passengers, where a motorcycle can only carry one. Also, with the average cargo capacity of 14. 7 cubic feet makes the car advantageous if the person regularly carries any amount of cargo. The cargo carrying capability of a motorcycle is extremely limited to the size of containers that need to be bought separately and attached to the motorcycle. The average size of a container is approximately the size of a motorcycle helmet, rendering the motorcycle useless in a situation as common as grocery shopping. Taking every advantage and disadvantage into consideration, one must ultimately make a decision 2 1 1. as; Use a semicolon to connect main clauses that are closely related. Example: â€Å"John resigned from his position with the university; he has found new employment in another state. † For additional information, visit the Ashford Writing Center located in Constellation. Click on Ch 10. 3 — Semicolons. [Irene Robles-Huerta] The decision to buy a car or a motorcycle can be tough, and requires certain factors to consider. Price, fuel consumption, safety, passenger and cargo capability are the main things to 3 2. decision This sentence is unclear. When you are editing your paper please go through and read your essay aloud. This will help you catch these errors that are hard to â€Å"see. † [Irene Robles-Huerta] 3. consider. consider: fuel,†¦ [Irene Robles-Huerta] -3- Running head: Car or Motorcycle 4 keep in mind. Military members need to decide which will fit their needs with their lifestyle, and since they can only chose one, it needs to be a decision they won’t regret. [no notes on this page].

Flexibility and Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Flexibility and Recruitment - Essay Example 8). To understand the concept of flexibility Atkinson's model of flexibility is very useful and of paramount importance. He explains four kinds of flexibility, which firms may achieve, namely functional flexibility, numerical flexibility, pay flexibility and distancing flexibility. Functional flexibility is identified as a qualitative approach to work, and talks about management's ability to organize and reorganize particular segments of the labor force on a broad variety of tasks in reply to market demand when needed (Sparrow 1998 cited in Teicher & Holland 2006 p. 241-242). The workers are given proper training in a broad number of skills in order to make its achievement certain. The unpredictable nature of consumer demands of the products makes this type of flexibility to continue in the market. And similarly with the changes in consumer demands the technology used by the labor would also have to change making this type of flexibility to come handy for the employers (Mathews 1989 cit ed in Teicher & Holland 2006 p. 242). Numerical flexibility is identified as a quantitative approach to labor consumption. To achieve this type of flexibility the size of labor force is amended to the levels of economic activity at short notes (Atkinson 1984 cited in Teicher & Holland 2006 p. 242). Management has a choice to amend or reorganize its human resources according to the workload rise and fall. Casual, part-time service providers and sub-contractors usually offer this type of flexibility (Morehead et al. 1995; Burgess 1997 cited in Teicher & Holland 2006 p. 242). Distancing is graded as a secondary type of numerical flexibility, which involves the outsourcing of certain activities that may consist of core and non-core activities. The process of associating the non-core processes to the subcontractors is well instituted (for example, cleaning, food preparation and safety) and the improved outsourcing of usual core actions, principally in the human resources part (Herriot 19 98; Fisher et al. 2002 cited in Teicher & Holland 2006 p. 242), helps the diminution of the core or permanent staff. Financial flexibility is a payment structure which is supposedly designed to make the progress of numerical and functional flexibility possible. It allows the market forces to state their pay rates for the external workforce and gives the opportunity of increasing the nature of skills which the core labor has (Teicher & Holland 2006, p. 242). With the increasing demand of flexible workers through out, the hiring process has proved to be very difficult for the Human Resource professionals. Different strategies are being sought by the professionals to overcome the difficulties during the process of recruitment. Temporary workers are hired through the process of either formal or informal recruitment. However nowadays it is being hard for the hr professionals to hire these temporary workers. Formal Recruitment is one form through which hiring is done by these professionals. In this kind of process the nature and the requirements of the jobs are posted over different forms of media inviting the individuals who are deeply interested in the job. Thus an intermediary is selected by the formal recruitment team and this role of intermediary can be played either by the media or an agency (Marsden and Campbell 1990). The date and the location are usually set up by the company who is recruiting and both these factors are kept

Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Marketing - Essay Example The company is a UK multinational company which was established in the year 1760 (Hamleys, 2010). The target market is determined to be the United States of America (USA) and is believed to have significant opportunities for the future growth of the company. Considering the marketing concept, it is further noted that marketing strategies of a company should be developed with due concern to the macro-economic environment of the target market along with the micro-economic factors influencing or likely to influence the company’s operation in the region. With this concern, the discussion of the paper will focus on evaluating the macro-economic environment of the USA with the implication of PESTEL model. This shall provide an insight to the market prospects and thus assist in developing advantageous strategies. 2. Macro-Environment Analysis: PESTEL 2.1 Political Environment It is of no doubt that the political factors of the USA possess a significant amount of sovereignty in the wo rld economy. The political environment of the economy had been observed to witness inconsistency for the preceding few years. Notably, the downfall of white supremacists in the economy can be observed as a most important revolution that ever took place in the post-modern era (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2009). Currently, the political environment can be assumed to be steady from a general view point. However, with an in-depth perspective, conflicts can be observed in terms of fiscal challenges and the formation of effectual monetary policies (Paul, 2011). It is quite noteworthy that the economy is facing a challenge of widening fiscal deficit as an effect of the recent economic downturn. In order to prevail over the obstruction of growth the political leaders are intending to lessen the deficit amounts through budget cuts. This in turn is fuelling up conflicts and instability in the political environment of the USA (Jackson, 2011). 2.2 Economic Environment Similar to other developed economies, the US economy was also strongly affected by the recent economic downturn. Over the last consecutive years, i.e. from the pre-recessionary period to the current year, the economy has faced a highly volatile environment with declining GDP and employment rates. However, the forecasts reveal that the unemployment rate which is further likely to be affected conversely by the up-surging inflationary rates (Tilton, 2011). For instance, the current actual GDP of the economy is recorded to be 1.8% which is further identified as significantly less than the quarterly average growth rate, i.e. 3.3% (Trading Economics, 2011). Furthermore, experts state that the GDP is likely to become steady in the subsequent five years providing opportunities to the small size enterprises. The fluctuations of the economic growth can be observed from the diagram represented below (Tilton, 2011). Source: (Tilton, 2011) Another major trend of the US economic environment can be witnessed as t he increase in imports. However, with a declining consumer spending rate, the opportunities are likely to be obstructed (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2011). 2.3 Social Environment The population of the US has been recorded to grow moderately in the past few years. The last census report reveals the total population to increase by 0.87% from that of the preceding fiscal year. It is further estimated to grow moderat

ENRON Ethical Breach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENRON Ethical Breach - Research Paper Example Its stocks continued to increase at a modest rate, but in 1999 – 2000, investors saw a sudden 87% increase in 2000, which coupled with the company being named the most innovating company in America, meant the future prospects for the shareholders seemed excellent. Unfortunately, it was revealed in October 2001 that this almost sudden increase in investors’ confidence was due to accounting loopholes and fraudulent auditing, which allowed the company’s shares and returns to be appearing more favorable than they actually were. This ethical breach included the involvement and dissolution of Arthur Andersen, one of the most famous auditing firms of the world at the time. There is no reason to believe that Enron participated in corrupt practices since its inception in 1985, rather, evidence indicates that the ethical breach that lasted about a decade began several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired and a team of executives was developed to cater to the accoun ting needs of the company. Since most of the work done by this group of individuals was either difficult to understand, or too complex to be looked into, many loopholes, special entities that otherwise would not have been allowed, and poor financial auditing allowed billions of dollars of debt to be hidden from the public eye. Obviously, an act that is criminal for such a huge public company to carry out. This lack of â€Å"visible debt† meant the company continued to prove profitable, and confidence coupled with investment continued to increase. Studies that were done on the ethical breach carried out by the company showed that it was not the method of corruption employed by people running the company, or the auditors in charge of producing honest financial reports. Rather, it was seen as an accumulation of negligence and misleading details in reports that finally spiraled out of control, and resulted in the demise of a company that not long ago had proved to be immensely pr omising. The ethical breach that has been described as one of the biggest scandals of corporate America involved misrepresentation of financial statements and records that enabled the firms returns and revenues to appear higher, losses to appear lower, and balance sheets to skew towards favorable performance. The auditing firm, Arthur Andersen, clearly did not do their job properly, and they were possibly influenced by Enron into reporting heavy inflow of cash, and putting away the liabilities and debts that the company had undertaken. Other than the fact that the executives entered deals which were extremely complex and bewildering to be clearly understood by many people, the â€Å"clever† accountants that worked for the company used many unethical practices to achieve their ends (McLean & Elkind, 2004). Enron misrepresented revenue recognition to make it seem as though they were bringing in more cash than they were on their services. For example, until September 2001, just a month before their exposure, Enron reported revenues of over 138 billion dollars. Moreover, the company switched from straightforward presentation of revenues (selling price minus costs) and employed the Mark-to-market accounting, which they believed showed the true economic value of their company. Investors were often given

Paper about your experience in Ice-cream social and a game of Jenga Essay

Paper about your experience in Ice-cream social and a game of Jenga - Essay Example I, however, soon started feeling uncomfortable and suspected a body reaction after every ice cream social event. It was not until my worst experience that I stopped participating in the events and restrained from taking ice cream and exposing myself to cold environmental factors. This followed a diagnosis that I became asthmatic, a health complication that is triggered by allergic reaction to cold among other factors. The attack was so severe during my last ice cream social event that I had to be rushed to the hospital, in an ambulance, moments later. I also had a reversed experience with the jenga game that I initially thought was complicated and less interesting. Taking time with peers and the pride of being the best in the game however won my interest and I soon determined to learn the game’s rules. I then realized that the jenga game combined both artistic and analytical skills of establishing a balance for the masses in the built structure. I then excelled and became one of the top players in the game that later captivated my

Management Problem Solving - Facquier Gas Company Case Study

Management Problem Solving - Facquier Gas Company - Case Study Example After making inquiries from the design engineer, Pat Wilson, it became evident to Murphy that the new project would require pipes of different specifications from those used in previous projects. In his opinion, Murphy considered the time span from January to June sufficient in conformity to the mill’s lead-time. However, Murphy had not received such details in April, although the project was scheduled to commence in June, and due for the conclusion in September. The supply management, construction and design organizations were under the headship of the vice-president of operations. The design engineer, Pat Wilson and construction engineer Sam Law fail to approve the pipe specifications in good time, compelling Murphy to inquire from Wilson, only to realize that the pipes required were of different specifications. Time had lapsed until April 14, leaving Murphy worried about the limited time for the procurement process of the materials required in a bid to meet the June deadline, the scheduled time for the onset of the project. One of the possible solutions would involve Murphy consulting with Clive Byers, the project manager and highlighting that the specifications were yet to be communicated. This would compel Murphy to schedule a meeting with Byers as soon as possible. Byers would then inquire from Sam Law and Pat Wilson. After receiving information from them, he would strive to ensure that the specifications are communicated to Murphy. In this solution, Murphy would have acted wisely by not overreaching Byers, since he heard the initial information about the project from him. Byers has the capacity to inquire from the Wilson and Sam Law because he is the project manager, and has the mandate of ensuring that execution of projects occurs within the set timelines. Moreover, this would serve to solve the problem at the lower level without involving higher authority. Alternatively, Murphy would approach the Charlie Buck, the design superintend, and inquire from him.  

Strategic leadership2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic leadership2 - Essay Example 91). This paper will look at the extent Wal-Mart’s failure or success was due to poor or excellent management or to environmental factors. In the business world, price and product are constituents of the 4Ps of marketing. The deliberate pricing of a product or service is an essential part of a process of business building that its significance cannot be over emphasized (Steger 2010, p. 53). This is because the cost of a commodity or service may make or break a business, so it should be carefully examined (Emiliani 2008, p. 71). Wal-Mart have acquired and maintained their leadership position in the sector largely due to their exclusive pricing strategy. Wal-Mart established a distinctive pricing technique that differentiated it from its competitors and gave it a competitive advantage over rivals. Over the last decade, Wal-Mart has developed into the globe’s leading and possibly most commanding retailer with utmost sales and operating earnings of all discount retailers (M ullen & Stumpf 1992, p. 42). The organization owes its growth from regional retailer to international powerhouse chiefly to adequate and changes in management. Wal-Mart has been largely successful in most parts of the world, and this has been attributed to both proper management and environmental factors. In areas where it has failed, for example, Europe and Asia, it has been largely due to environmental factors. Wal-Mart started with the objective of providing clients with the commodities and services they required where and when they needed them (Adair 2003, p. 51). This strategy was referred to as outside-in thinking, where the organization’s philosophy and approach put the interest of the client before the capabilities of the organization (Peng 2008, p. 49). In addition, the management of Wal-Mart under Sam Walton, employed homespun business knowledge and folksy charm with progressive supply-chain and information technology management to establish the globe’s most sufficient retail company (Walton 2009, p. 553). The organization’s management concentrated on establishing cost structures that permitted Wal-Mart to provide low daily pricing. Wal-Mart’s management also focused on creating a more advanced and highly structured management plan to enhance and exploit the competitive advantage it was experiencing. Under the leadership of one of the chief executive officer, Lee Scott, Wal-Mart embraced environmental and social responsibility (Hill 2010, p. 31). As the organization enlarged in its variety of services and goods, for example, health clinics, groceries, financial services, fashion clothing, online prescription drugs, and music downloads, it was compelled to puts the interest of the client before the capacities of the organization (Merritt 2008, p. 63). Therefore, Wal-Mart’s management took this opportunity to utilize the large size with rapid responsiveness and speed towards customers (Sanders 1998, p. 67). Moreover, to offer a wide variety of commodities, Wal-Mart’s senior managers, Bud and Sam started promoting their individual discount store idea. During this period, discount stores were only found in large towns (Bradley 2005, p. 53). Sam Walton argued that if the prices were favourable, Wal-Mart’s discount stores could be of tremendous help for clients in

Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Review - Essay Example One of the main arguments of the author is that immigrants are taking jobs away from the British people. The article showed a lot of statistics and numbers to justify the position of the author. Overall the article was well written and it demonstrated a lot of evidence that might suggest that the author’s claim is correct. For instance he stated that since 2004 over 600,000 immigrants have entered the job market and during that time 450,000 young workers became unemployed. He also stated the logical argument that a higher number of people in the country meant that the government had to spend more money on costs of new homes, education, social care, and infrastructure. He also stated another fact that the bigger the population the more congested the city becomes which is an absolute truth. Another interest argument made by the author was that the immigrants are not contributing sufficiently to the overall economy based on how many resources they were depleting. The influx of im migrants is adding 1% to the population, but is only contributing 0.33% to the overall production. Despite the arguments that were made in this article my opinion is that the author did a poor job of proving the correlation between immigration and employment. His argument were biased and to certain extent racist because he made it seem as if the people that were entering the United Kingdom in search for a better life were a type of plague to the society when in reality they are enriching the culture of the country and providing much need labor. These poor immigrants are accepting low paying jobs that the majority of British people are not willing to take. When the author stated that the population growth associated with immigrants was not equal to the production they were creating his statistical approach was flawed because the reason that these workers were not adding more to economic production is because these humans were sacrificing themselves in very low paying jobs. Another ma jor flaw in the article was that the author failed to provide solutions on what the government should do to fix the problem. Since the author thinks that immigration is a problem he should have provided alternative solutions based on empirical data such as proposing that the U.K. imposed an immigration quota to limit the amount of people that can enter the country. This is just a theoretical example of something that could be done. A better way to deal with the problem is by the government of the United Kingdom taking measures to improve the state of the economy to increase the amount of jobs available for British nationals and people immigrating into the U.K. A second way that the government can improve the economy is by forming alliances with the private industry to spur job creation by offering better economic incentives that will attract foreign investors. The article stated that according to the Office of National Statistics Eastern Europeans are willing to do the dirty, diffic ult, and dangerous jobs for lower wages. Since this group of people is willing to sacrifice themselves more than British nationals it is estimated that 95% of males and 80% of female immigrants have been able to find jobs despite the weak economy. It is important to analyze the effect that this labor force has on the corporate world. From an economic and business standpoint corporations and businesses are greatly benefiting from the influx of immigrant workers because these companies are now able to fill vacant job positions they were having

Southern Culture Class What direction is the South heading in Assignment

Southern Culture Class What direction is the South heading in Politically - Assignment Example The southerners have maintained their conservativeness into modern day politics. Southern states have been known to support Republican presidential aspirants since they consider them conservative. For instance in the 1980 elections, the Southerners supported Ronald Regan who supported the conservative movement. Regan’s economic and foreign policies supported ant-communism. George W. Bush created a new generation of conservatives, following his success in the 2000 elections. The southerners supported his policies, which included the 10-year tax reduction policies. Other conservative elements celebrated during his leadership, included invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq (Facing South Web). In 2008, Barak Obama won the presidency under the Democratic Party ticket. However, the southerners supported John McCain the republican presidential aspirants. The trend of voting and support for conservative parties among the southerners indicates the conservative trend in the southern states p olitics. The Tea Party Movement, which originated from the southern states, also indicates the conservative aspect of southern politics. The Ashe county of North Carolina is also included in the southern voting bloc. A large section of North Carolina falls in the Bible belt, which has been described as one of the most conservative

Windows Server Backup Essay Example for Free

Windows Server Backup Essay There are several ways to work with and use backup data sets when working with DCs in Windows Server 2008 R2. Backups are performed with Windows Server Backup or through its corresponding Wbadmin.exe command-line tool. Both are Windows Server 2008 R2 features and must be added to the server to be made available. They are not installed by default. Backups are not discrete. They capture critical volumes in their entirety. On a DC, these volumes include the following: The system volume The boot volume The volume hosting the SYSVOL share The volume that hosts the AD DS database The volume that hosts the AD DS logs If you want to protect only the system state data, you must use the Ntdsutil. exe command-line tool. To do so, you must use the new IFM subcommand available in Ntdsutil.exe to capture this information for Install From Media installations. If the installation is for a read-only DC, this tool automatically strips AD DS secrets from the data to create secure installation media. Backup operators cannot create scheduled backups; only members of the local Administrators group have this privilege in Windows Server 2008 R2. In most cases, this means being a member of the Domain Admins group on DCs. If a server is down, you must use a local copy of the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) to restore the system. WinRE can either be installed locally or found on the Windows Server 2008 R2 installation media. I would recommend that you perform backups every night while employees are not working to avoid having a slow system.

Nursing Home Reflection of Behaviours

Nursing Home Reflection of Behaviours Latoya Mckie Abstract There are numerous of behaviors to observer in a nursing home. Many of the behaviors are related to mental impairment, loss of memory or aliments such as dementia, delirium, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s diseases. A lot of residents have been diagnosed with aliments; these various mental impairment conditions are concurrent conditions which may overlap. In many cases the impairment gets misdiagnosed outside a nursing home care facility because normally people do not know the symptoms or trained to differentiate the diseases or conditions. Therefore, it is essential that the caregivers and all other professionals are knowledgeable and fully aware of the residents’ cognitive levels to effectively assist them with their daily living. Many seniors and family prefer to go to nursing home facilities due to personalized care seniors receive. It is also difficult for some seniors that are not in nursing home or retirement facilities or neighborhood that are not tai lored to their needs. Behaviors exhibited by the residents I witnessed an array of behaviors at the nursing home, intern site. Most of the residents were energetic and full of life, despite their age. In the department that I mostly worked with consisted of people with memory loss. The group mostly was consisted of women, and had only two men. The women were all on different cognitive levels, but they all were well educated and lived successful lives in their younger age. One of the residents use to be a school teacher, how seemed to lose her memory and it seemed to be very difficult for her to recall any activities she did earlier that day. She and I would do puzzles or art activity. On one occasion I asked her to sign the back of a sheet we were working on. An hour after she left went to her room and came back and could not recognize the picture as the one we both completed earlier although I showed her the back and explained to her that I assisted her to complete it that day. What I realized with her and other residents in that group is that although they had memory loss they were still very intelligent and able to complete mathematical computation when tested. It was also remarkable that most of the residents I worked with can recall early memories from their lives although they had a hard time recollecting what they did earlier that day. There was also one lady who loved to listen to old music from the 60’s and classical music all day; she also walked around with a toy doll most of the day. This lady also never spoke much and not social with the other residents, she liked keeping to herself. The men on both sides of the facility did not come out much except for when they went to the dining area to eat, go to church services, exercise class or outings on the town. The residents were primarily engaged in fun activities and socials. They enjoyed having other people to talk to and having family member visiting them. A number of them were particularly concerned with their health and exercise most mornings, as a result the seemed more energized and happier than the residents who stayed in their rooms all day. I exhibited only two residents who seemed lonely. One of the two was always saying nobody cares about her and she is always walking around all day. At times the other residents look at her and regard her as a c razy person. The other lady who seems to be a loner has had her husband passed away recently, she seems to be sad at times, but she keeps herself occupied with engaging in activities and helping other residents who are on a lower cognitive and physical level than her. Another female resident in the dining room that is always shaking; I believe she has Parkinson disease her behavior varies a lot with the day. She can start arguing for any reason, then nice the next minute. Nobody normally sits at her table at the dining area when it is time to eat. One day someone came in late and sat there and she started to curse the other lady out and the whole time she was shaking the table. Her hand shacking is so bad that most of the time she has to ask one of the dietary aides to assist her in pouring out condiments because she often makes a mess because she cannot control her hands from shaking due to her having Parkinson disease. Explanation for the residents’ behaviors Most of the residents in nursing home suffer from memory loss diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and delirium. They also experience other ailments such as Parkinson’s disease. A significant proportion of this elderly population will have dementia (Hartwell, 2013). One in five people over the age of 65 has dementia. The number is expected to double every 20 years (Hartwell, 2013; Potocnik, 2013). Dementia. Dementia is incurred mass impairment of a person’s memory, personality and intelligence who is normally attentive (Potocnik, 2013). It is adequately acute to interfere with social and occupational functioning. In the lack of a stroke or quickly growing cerebral tumors among other factors, the onset is normally progressive and the cognitive decay is always gradual (Potocnik, 2013). In the absence of a remedy for the disease, non-pharmacological concoctions and the careful use of pharmacotherapy may not solely aid the person and ease the stress on the caregiver (Potocnik, 2013). Residents with dementia almost always show neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as disturbances in mood with psychotic and vegetative symptoms among other spectacles. Dementia affects a large portion of the senior population. Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type is characterized by memory impairment, the inability to learn anything new or recall information which was previously acquired, and one or more cognitive disturbances such as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia or executive function disturbances (Potocnik, 2013). The resident who could not recall the artwork she and I worked on earlier in the day suffers from dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Alzheimers and dementia is presents in 90% of seniors who expressed their feelings of being lonely or socially isolated (Wilson et al., 2001). The resident who was always walking around saying nobody cares about her suffers from dementia. The characteristic she exhibits was loneliness and isolation from the other residents. This explains why she might have developed dementia. People with early Alzheimer’s disease can benefit from exercise. The hippocampus of the brain plays a vital role in memory (Birmingham, 2008). Brain scan research shows that seniors who are physically active have less brain shrinkage; while those who are less active have up to four times brain shrinkage (Birmingham, 2008). Therefore, exercise is important to counteract Alzheimers disease in the residents. The senior residents behavior to exercise is accepting. They like to engage in physical activities because they know it improves the way they feel, their physical health as well as their mental health. Parkinsons disease. The female resident who is always shaking the dining table and screaming at other resident for no reason has Parkinsons disease. Parkinsons disease is a gradual and degenerative neurological disease, one of a group of conditions called motor system disorders (Carruthers-Czyzewski Dewar, 1998). The four primary symptoms are shaking or trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw and face; firmness or rigidity of the limbs and trunk; bradykinesia or slowness of motion; and postural instability or impaired balance and co-ordination. As these symptoms become more prominent, patients have complexity walking, moving or accomplishing other regular activities. They may additionally experience migraines, joint pain, periodic respiratory problems, back ache, allergy symptoms, insomnia, mood swings, fatigue, distortion and chronic ailment such as digestive difficulties and arthritis. Modified diet is helpful to seniors with Parkinson disease. Their diet typical includes chlorella, milk thistle, kyolic garlic, and vitamin C (Carruthers-Czyzewski Dewar, 1998). I suspect that is they reason why the lady in the dining hall never misses meal time and she take her nutrition very seriously. Someone with Parkinson disease can also benefit from detoxification as her behavior is normally characterized as confused, fatigue and having mood swings (Carruthers-Czyzewski Dewar, 1998). Delirium. Delirium is a medical crisis characterized by severe onset and impulsive course that is displayed by incisive changes in a person’s cognitive level and function (Gillis MacDonald, 2006). Symptoms includes allayed attentiveness of surroundings with diminished capability to focus or sustain attentiveness; changes in cognition; collapse of higher order functions; psychomotor changes varying from hyperactivity to hypoactivity; emotional turbulences; sleep/wake duration disturbances; nocturnal spasm; hysterical affect, mood and behavior; perceptual disruptions comprised of delusions and fallacies; paranoia; and multilayered etiology (Gillis MacDonald, 2006). The lady who is always walking around at all hours has exhibits the characters of delirium. Although she is diagnosed as having dementia, people with similar behaviors can have delirium as well. Therefore, delirium is often misdiagnosed. Approximately 70 percent of elderly patients hospitalized have delirium althoug h expert nursing care facilities typically are able to identify the symptoms (Gillis MacDonald, 2006). There are three classifications of delirium which are: hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed. Hyperactive, also referred to as agitated delirium, is described as being anxious and delusion. Hypoactive delirium (quiet) is regarded as a declined sensorium or amplified sedation. The mixed delirium interchanges between the frantic and the sedated type. Nevertheless, no matter how it is exhibited, delirium may be difficult to distinguish, as it can be multifactorial and easily mixed up with dementia, restfulness, and near-death awareness. In many circumstances, delirium is reversible, thus careful assessment is necessary (Rogers, 2006). Judicious nursing observation of a resident’s capabilities to execute activities of daily living can reveal much about the resident’s mental level. A variety of assessment tools are available. A common tool is the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) (Inouye et al., 1990), which takes about five minutes to conduct, it is steadily reliable and is ap propriate in a number of settings, including acute care (Rogers, 2006). . Aging Typical alters the bodys ability to metabolize medications, tally to the threat for drug reactions. Although any medication may add to delirium in seniors, sedatives, antipsychotics, histamine receptor antagonists and anticholinergics raise the risk for delirium (Hanley, 2004) (Rogers, 2006). Furthermore, seniors have body fat percentage is higher and lower water which effects the fat-soluble drugs by being more concentrated and lasting longer (Rogers, 2006). Environmental adjustments should encourage optimal cognitive functioning, a realism between calmness and activity and consistent nursing care. A numerous of environmental modifications decrease the risk of delirium incidences and facilitate resident independence such as: maintaining the physical surroundings constant and sustain routines, allowing conformity of staffing for accurate assessment of the residents health status and continuous patient care, including family in care and having orientation done often to promote a good perception of well-being. Visits should be declined if hyperactive delirium appears to be onset by the visits, use volunteer sitters if family members are not available. Avoid bedroom changes whenever possible, Use a no-restraint or least-restraint procedure to reduce deterioration of cognitive loss. Remove unnecessary hospital devices, such as urinary catheters and IV pumps. Make sure that the call bell, personal items, glasses and hearing aids in easy reach. Encourage the use of personal items, such as pillows and bed set, to promote familiarity and reduce stress. In addition Have the rooms well-lit, sustain room temperature between 21.1 C and 23.8 C. and diminish noise levels on the nursing unit. Why people go to nursing home Seniors with mental ailment frequently have complicated needs because of the many co-complex needs because of disability, physical illness and social issues (Reynolds et al., 2000). Effective evaluation of long-term and multiple issues may be long-term and multiple problems may be particularly complex without standardized approaches intended at inclusive and methodical assessment of needs. However, certain needs are proposed to be `collective to all humans in general (Maslow, 1954), diverse areas of the population will have more specific kinds of need (Reynolds et al., 2000). Isolation is a difficult problem; the solutions need to be individualized (Owen, 2007). Even seniors who have a widespread social network of friends and family are at jeopardy of being isolated. Anything can easily happen; a senior can slip or fall, loss of their hearing or sight (Owen, 2007). They can also lose a loved one which can completely diminish their self-assurance in and cause conflicts in doing their daily activities. Over a period, social isolation and loneliness can bring on depression and withdrawal. This can also cause an intense drop of self-esteem and confidence (Owen, 2007). Active effort is needed to support seniors to discover the solutions to their social isolation and rejoined with their friends and family socially. Many senior engage in going to day centers, lunch clubs and home visiting services as they provide them with vital way to interact with other people (Owen, 2007). Caregivers and family often resort to nursing home facilities because of the time, cost and stress dealing with an elderly whose memory has deteriorated. Some seniors might feel neglected by their families. Some may exhibit low self-worth as a result of being alienated by their family. Caregivers and family often resort to nursing home facilities because of the time, cost and stress dealing with an elderly whose memory has deteriorated. Some seniors might feel neglected by their families. Some may exhibit low self-worth as a result of being alienated by their family. Some seniors also live in the assisted living section of the nursing home because they want to feel secure as the age that someone is there to help them if they need assistance with anything whether it is health needs or social ones. Living in regular communities tends to make life complex as local services for the seniors might not be available. Most nursing home facility offers numerous benefits such as companionship, availability of services tailored to the seniors, access to around the clock heath care and numerous activities. Benefits of Internship and Supervision Completing the internship course provided a guideline on what I should expect and what should expect to gain from my experience from the intern site. The supervision I received from the intern supervisor and workers were great. They were very detailed in what I needed to get done and how to carry out the task most of the time. Other tasks were self-explanatory. Recommendations for future interns and professionals in the setting I believe education is always good. I think it is especially important when it is to benefit others. Therefore, it is imperative for healthcare professionals and other workers in the nursing home facility to be educated and current on all the new advancement that can benefit the elderly such as therapeutic techniques, and other health related advancements. It is also good to know all safety procedures when in a nursing facility like wearing protective gloves, how to properly disguard hazardous objects, and wearing proper shoes for your safety. The only drawbacks as an intern was not being able to do as much activities as I would have hoped, but that was fine. I assumed senior residents liked to do things they are accustomed better than trying new activities. Although it is not my choice, I would incorporate some new activities for the senior residents who are more active. It seems that all the people who work with the residents are fully aware of their conditions and know how to deal with them. Therefore, I assume they are educated on their mental disorders and cognitive level. Personal Growth Experienced The internship has opened my eyes to all that goes on in a nursing home. Before going in to complete my internship, I thought that the operation of running a nursing home was easy. After having arrived, and starting to get in the routine I found out it was not so easy after all. There are numerous residents to care for with different kinds of needs. It is also challenging to get everyone where the need to be and having a variety of activities to cater to each individuals preferences. That is also the case with almost everything with these residents from their dietary needs to their religious services. Everything has to be done in a multiple or diverse way to ensure everyone is catered to, and their needs are meet. I thought overall I had an enriched experience at the nursing home site. What I have gained from this internship is to be patient, how to multitask and use my time wisely. I also have learned to take initiative and to be a team player, helping out in whatever way I can in order to make things run smoother at the worksite. With the exposure I received I think I am now capable and comfortable working at a health care facility or similar setting. References Birmingham, K. (2008 ). Exercise slows Alzheimers progression. Nursing Older People,  20(7), 4. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com Carruthers-Czyzewski, P., Dewar, J. (1998). Seniors health: Parkinsons  disease.CPJ.Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal,131(3), 34.  Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com Gillis, A. J., MacDonald, B. (2006). Unmasking delirium. The Canadian Nurse,  102(9), 19-24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com Hartwell, H. (2013). Dementia.Perspectives in Public Health,133(3), 134.  doi:10.1177/1757913913485334 Owen, T. (2007). Working with socially isolated older people.British Journal Of  Community Nursing,12(3), 115-116. doi:10.12968/bjcn.2007.12.3.23038 Potocnik, F. C. V. (2013). Dementia. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 19(3), 141.  Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com. Reynolds, T.,Thornicroft, G., Abas, M.,Woods, B., Hoe, W., Leese,M., Orrell, M. (2000).  Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE): Development, validity and reliability BJPsych 176, 444-452. doi:10.1192/bjp.176.5.444 Rogers, S. K. (2006). Delirium in the Home Care Setting. Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal  for the Home Care and Hospice Professional, 24(6), 366–367.  doi:10.1097/00004045-200606000-00006 Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A., Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L.,   Bennett, D. A. (2007). Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(2), 234. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234

Effect of Blast Loading On a Person Protected By Body Armour

Effect of Blast Loading On a Person Protected By Body Armour Executive Summary The ballistic threat has been presented to military forces for hundreds of years in one form or another, from spears to bomb fragmentation. A lot of work has gone into countering this ballistic threat and the protection currently provided is very good. The standards of body armour ballistic testing is rigorous. Due to the modern asymmetric battlefield that modern military personnel now face, the threat has evolved. More often, the personnel are being subjected to blast from improvised explosive devices emplaced by irregular forces. This paper will review the some of the research that has been carried out into the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour. British Army studies show there was a higher incidence of primary blast injury in fatally injured soldiers wearing body armour that in civilian bystanders (Committee on Testing of Body Armor Materials for Use by the U.S. Army 2012) involved in IED incidents in Northern Ireland. This paper will explore the effects of blast loading on a person wearing body armour. Introduction. Soft body armour is designed primarily to protect the wearer from the most dangerous battlefield threat, projectiles, and fragmentation, with the 3 main testing standards for body armour (NIJ (U.S. Department of Justice 2008), HOSDB (Croft Longhurst 2007) and STANAG 2911 (North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2015)) only specifying testing criteria for ballistic protection. Due to the increasing use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in modern asymmetric warfare, there is a growing risk of personnel being subjected to blast associated injuries (Tranchemontagne 2016). This paper will review the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour; this will be broken down into: Theory of blast impact, Research into blast loading on different materials. Theory of blast impact. Blast waves are generated from the rapid expansion of gases produced during an explosion during which a shock wave, travelling faster than the speed of sound, propagates from the source of the explosion omni-directionally. One of the most important characteristics of a blast to consider is peak overpressure, which is, in effect, the strength of the blast. A further and equally important characteristic is the positive impulse duration, which determines the time that the force will be imparted on any object or structure. Both the peak overpressure and the positive impulse duration need to be known to effectively calculate the effects of a blast on an object. If you have two blasts of equal peak overpressure but one is acting for longer, the total force imparted on the object will be greater for the longer impulse and will affect the object more. Figure 1 shows an ideal blast wave representation. The pressure increases almost instantaneously to the peak overpressure and decays over time , a negative pressure phase then follows. Fig 1. Ideal blast wave resulting from an explosion in air. (Goel et al. 2012) The effect a blast wave has on a person is complicated due to how the blast wave interacts with the irregular shape of the human body. Blast wave diffraction around the human body results in a complex pressure load on the body all of which need to be understood to successfully gauge how a wave will affect a person. Figure 2 shows how a blast wave interacts with an irregularly shaped object, such as a human body. Fig 2. Illustrating the blast wave interaction with an irregularly shaped object. (Gibson 1989) Initially, a portion of the blast wave is reflected from the front of the body. The outer parts of the shock wave continue and diffracts around to the rear of the body where they are weakened. Rarefaction waves move across the front of the body (1), reducing the peak pressure of the reflected wave whilst vortices form at the rear of the body (2) and (3). The complicated gas flow means that the body is loaded for an extended time (Gibson 1989). The injuries caused by this peak initial pressure/positive impulse duration are known as primary blast injuries (PBI). The organs most susceptible to PBI are the gas-filled organs such as the ears, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism of injury on these organs is a form of barotrauma, which is an injury, caused by the pressure differential of the internal organs and the outer surface of the body at the moment the pressure wave impacts. Blast waves can be sub-divided into stress waves and shear waves. Shock waves are a special type of stress wave, which are longitudinal like sound waves but travel much faster, and cause primary blast injury (PBI) of the lung and small bowel. Shear waves are trans- verse waves, characterised by long duration, low velocity, and cause compression of visceral structures. In the abdomen, stress waves cause damage at the microscopic level, whereas the shear wave causes tearing of the tissues due to gross body wall and visceral motion. Laceration of solid abdominal viscera is related to very high blast loading (Housden 2012). Research into the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour. An interim report produced by the US Army Natick RDE Centre in 1989, titled Response of Clothing Materials to Air Shock Waves (Gibson 1989) provided remarkable insight into blast loading of high impact shock waves. The report focuses on testing the then, in-service body armour of the US Army (The Personnel Armor Systems, Ground Troops (PASGT)). The report covered four areas: Blast wave characteristics, Blast biology, Blast protection, Blast attenuation by porous and compressible materials. The main objective of the report was to ascertain how blast waves interacted with PASGT and it stated there was previous evidence that the materials contained within the body armour were causing a blast amplification effect. Initial thoughts were that this amplification might have been due to how the blast wave propagated through the multi-layered design of the armour. The report described the construction of the body armour (13 layers of Kevlar ® 29 cloth sandwiched between an inner and outer nylon shell fabric). The report explains that the armour was designed purely to provide ballistic protection and no thought had gone into providing protection against blast effects. The reports main focus was the lack of protection afforded to the wearer of the body armour from enhanced blast weapons such as Fuel-Air Explosives (FAE). A person can sustain injuries from a blast with overpressures that result in ranges as little as 10 20 psi whereas a typical FAE event can produce much more substantial psi, as high as 300. In this circumstance, the lack of protection armour would provide to the wearer was highly concerning. Prior to this report, a lot of basic work on the response of mammals to blast waves had been conducted by The Lovelace Foundation, The Research Institute of National Defence (Sweden), and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. This work identified how various characteristics of the blast can vary the effect of the blast on a body, such as the orientation of the body in relation to the blast wave. In one study conducted by Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, human volunteers were subjected to low level blast waves. The volunteers internal lung pressure was measured during the study whilst wearing several different types of protective clothing. The study showed that the volunteers wearing the PASGT body armour gave test measurements showing the greatest increase of internal lung pressure. This would suggest that the body armour would increase the risk of lung damage at higher blast overpressures. This study was extended to higher blast overpressures using sheep instead of human volunteers. Half of the sheep were fitted with PASGT body armour. During this testing, the level of damage to the sheeps lungs was measured by the percent increase of the lung weight. An assumption was made that this would directly relate to the blast damage. This extended study showed that the sheep wearing body armour displayed far greater blast damage to their lungs than the unprotected sheep. Analysis of the experimental data on how shock waves were transmitted through layers of material showed that there was a significant increase in the reflected pressure when compared to testing were no fabric was present. There was a trend of the pressure increasing in line with the number of layers of Kevlar or cotton present. This continued to a certain point. It was noted during these experiments that there was not significant difference between the increases of pressure when using layers of cotton compared to layers of Kevlar. This suggested that the type of material was not as significant as the number of layers and the density of the fabric. Analysis of the computer modelling showed an increase in peak internal lung pressure of around 50% between the unprotected chest model and the model wearing the body armour. A point to note, the experimental data compiled shows a measured increase of 20% in the human volunteers wearing the body armour compared to the unprotected volunteers. This disparity could be due to the difficulty in modelling the complex reaction of blast waves influencing a human body. The report concluded that soft body armour does not offer wearers protection from blast effects. On the contrary, the wearing of soft body armour may actually increase the blast effects on the personnel wearing the armour. The report does indicate that this counter -intuitive phenomena might be reduced with the introduction of hard armour plates to the body armour. A more recent confirmation of these findings were detailed in a journal article titled, Shock Enhancement Effect of Lightweight Composite Structures and Materials (Zhu et al. 2011). This review looks at the broader range of lightweight materials that are used to provide protection (namely ballistic). The author concludes that the research into the effects of lightweight materials is still very limited but the evidence still points to shock enhancement when using multi layered soft armour as PPE. A further study into shock attenuation was made following clinical studies into the increasing reporting of brain injury and not pulmonary injury following blast exposures. The article titled, Attenuation of Blast Pressure Behind Ballistic Protective Vests (Wood, 2012). This article concludes that following shock tube testing on two variants of body armour (NIJ Level 2 soft armour and NIJ Level 4 hard armour); results show a substantial increase in protection to the torso against blast injuries whilst wearing these armours. The behind armour overpressures were reduced by a factor of 14.2 and 56.8 for the NIJ 2 and NIJ 4 body armour, respectively. Conclusion This paper presents a review of the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour. A vast majority of the experimental data shows that the wearing of soft body armour enhances shock waves and the person is subjected to much higher peak overpressures. The combinations of differences in impedance between the atmosphere, the layers of fabric, the body itself, and the gas filed organs is likely to cause this phenomenon. Figure 3 shows the effect of interfaces in relation to shock waves. Using the shock impedance equation, you can show what is likely to be causing the enhancement of the blast. Stress is conserved across the interface between the air, the body armour, and the person: Z1 = 0 (Air) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ´ à Ã†â€™2 = 2 x à Ã†â€™1 Assuming that the torso was of a similar impedance to the body armour, the next interface would be the gas-filled organs, which again would be of a lower impedance. This would result in the release of a tensile wave within the chest cavity, which could cause spalling of tissue with an increase of up to a factor of 2. Fig 3. Illustration of the effect of interfaces (Appleby-thomas 2017). Although there are many reviews on this subject, most of them seem to be focused on historical work. Teland (2012) noted that most of the blast injury prediction models are based on the Bowen curves, the Bass curves, and Axelsson BTD model. The report mentioned that there were many disadvantages and limitations to using these models and there is a need for further experimentation produce more reliable data. This may be due to the Computational models of how blast waves interact with the body armour and the wearer can be used but the theoretical models are limited. Using extrapolated data from experiments involving humans has limited uses because of the restriction on the size of blast you can subject a volunteer to without them becoming injured. The use of animals is of limited use due to the form fit of the body armour and the different anatomical makeup of the animals. Throughout the reports, reviews and articles studied during the writing of this paper, it is clear that a need for further study has been identified. Whether these recommendations have been carried out or not is not clear, there are no open source reports providing evidence; it may be that the information is classified. References Committee on Testing of Body Armor Materials for Use by the U.S. Army, 2012. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III U.S. Department of Justice, 2008. Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor. NIJ Standard-0101.06. Croft, J. Longhurst, D., 2007. HOSDB Body Armour Standards for UK Police (2007) Part 2: Ballistic Resistance. NATO Standardization Agency, 2003. STANAG 2920 PPS (Edition 2) Ballistic test method for personal armour materials and combat clothing. , pp.1-F2. Tranchemontagne, M., 2016. The Enduring IED Problem. Why we need doctrine. Goel, M.D. et al., 2012. An abridged review of blast wave parameters. Defence Science Journal, 62(5), pp.300-306. Gibson, P.W., 1989. Response of Clothing Materials to Air Shock Waves. Housden, S., 2012. Blast injury: A case study. International Emergency Nursing, 20(3), pp.173-178. Zhu, F., Chou, C.C. Yang, K.H., 2011. Shock enhancement effect of lightweight composite structures and materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(5), pp.1202-1211. Wood, G. W. (2012). Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests. Injury Prevention 19(1):19-25. Injury Prevention, 19(1): 19-25. Appleby-thomas, G.J., 2017. Introduction To Shockwaves Part 3 MSc EOE Transition To Detonation. , pp.1-45. Teland, J.A., 2012. Review of blast injury prediction models. Kashuk, J.L. et al., 2009. Bomb Explosions in Acts of Terrorism: Evil Creativity Challenges Our Trauma Systems. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 209(1), pp.134-140.

Essay examples --

Mass Mmedia is made up of several communications systems that reach millions of people every day. But who owns the media? Actually, through the long history of mergers and acquisitions, few big companies have been controlling what we see, hear, and read by maintaining the ownership of mass media. However, the issue of media conglomeration has produced a significant amount of controversy. Since the media’s power and the control of the communications system have been dominated by a few corporations, media conglomeration has been viewed as an obstruction and limitations of diversified contents. While opponents believe there is a crisis impending due to the perception of increased concentrated ownership and convergence of the media industry that interfere with message pluralism, supporters argue the media system has increased diversity more than before and large companies offer advantages that a small company can never afford . This paper examines the history of media owners hip and the current FCC regulations, and discusses the effects of media conglomeration on our society. In the United States, there are a few corporations that control the mass media. The Free Expression Policy Project (FEPP), founded in 2000 to provides research and advocacy on free speech, copyright, and media democracy issues indicates: there are ten corporations that control the mass media in the United Stets: Viacom, Time Warner, Walt Disney, General Electric, News Corporation, and Vivendi Universal. While media concentrations have been going on for quite some time, there are concerns about how this conspiracy of media monopolies started ? In early 1900, telecommunications markets were not monopolies. After the radio was invented, regulations were ... ...lt Disney Company, Liberty Media Corporation, AT&T Corporation, News Corporation, Bertelsman, Vivendi Universal, and Sony. After several rounds of rulemaking and court challenges, the FCC announced a new â€Å"Broadcast Ownership Rules† in June of 2003. This law raised the ceiling for national market share from 35% to 45%. Responding to widespread protests, Congress overturned this increase as part of its 2003 appropriations bill. However, after President Bush threatened to veto the entire appropriations bill, a compromise was reached at 39%, which allowed Viacom and the News Corporation to keep all of the stations they currently owned. (Miller) For many years, despite the enormous revenues that have been generated by these few big media companies, media conglomeration caused a mutilation of viewers’ thinking and suppression to segments of the communicated message. Essay examples -- Mass Mmedia is made up of several communications systems that reach millions of people every day. But who owns the media? Actually, through the long history of mergers and acquisitions, few big companies have been controlling what we see, hear, and read by maintaining the ownership of mass media. However, the issue of media conglomeration has produced a significant amount of controversy. Since the media’s power and the control of the communications system have been dominated by a few corporations, media conglomeration has been viewed as an obstruction and limitations of diversified contents. While opponents believe there is a crisis impending due to the perception of increased concentrated ownership and convergence of the media industry that interfere with message pluralism, supporters argue the media system has increased diversity more than before and large companies offer advantages that a small company can never afford . This paper examines the history of media owners hip and the current FCC regulations, and discusses the effects of media conglomeration on our society. In the United States, there are a few corporations that control the mass media. The Free Expression Policy Project (FEPP), founded in 2000 to provides research and advocacy on free speech, copyright, and media democracy issues indicates: there are ten corporations that control the mass media in the United Stets: Viacom, Time Warner, Walt Disney, General Electric, News Corporation, and Vivendi Universal. While media concentrations have been going on for quite some time, there are concerns about how this conspiracy of media monopolies started ? In early 1900, telecommunications markets were not monopolies. After the radio was invented, regulations were ... ...lt Disney Company, Liberty Media Corporation, AT&T Corporation, News Corporation, Bertelsman, Vivendi Universal, and Sony. After several rounds of rulemaking and court challenges, the FCC announced a new â€Å"Broadcast Ownership Rules† in June of 2003. This law raised the ceiling for national market share from 35% to 45%. Responding to widespread protests, Congress overturned this increase as part of its 2003 appropriations bill. However, after President Bush threatened to veto the entire appropriations bill, a compromise was reached at 39%, which allowed Viacom and the News Corporation to keep all of the stations they currently owned. (Miller) For many years, despite the enormous revenues that have been generated by these few big media companies, media conglomeration caused a mutilation of viewers’ thinking and suppression to segments of the communicated message.

Imagery Depicted Through T.S. Eliots The Hollow Men Essay -- essays r

The imagery depicted in T.S. Eliot's poem "The Hollow Men" evokes a sense of desolate hopelessness and lends to Eliot's generally cynical view of civilization during this period in history. A reaction of deep and profound disappointment in mankind around him is made evident in this stark work, first published in 1925. In this short piece, Eliot enumerates several deep faults he finds in his fellowman, including hypocrisy, apathy and indifference, and leaves the reader with a feeling of overwhelming emptiness. An important feature of this poem is the fact that the narration of the poem is in first person. This establishes Eliot's and the readers relationship to the images and ideas presented. When the poem begins "We are the hollow men" rather than "They are ..." or "You are..." the reader is immediately included somehow in this description, along with Eliot himself. This type of narration creates a sense of common "hollowness" and by the end of the poem, therefore, a sense of common responsibility and guilt. Early in the poem, Eliot creates a world of desolation. The idea of dryness is emphasized by the repetition of the word "dry" in the first stanza, where we read of "dried voices," "dry grass" and "dry cellar." When he mentions the sound of "rats feet over broken glass" he succinctly and subtly prods at our anxieties about urban disease and decay, showing us a sort of fle...